The Importance Of Restraint And Seclusion Of The Mental...

TAQ3: The use of treatments such as restraint is permitted according to the Mental Health Act (1983), for treating individual suffering from mental health disorder (Mind, 2013). This law can be applied with or without the approval of the person involved as its ultimate goal is to prevent the person from harming himself or others (Royal College of Nursing, 2015). However, with recent incidence of injuries and even death that has occurred as a result of this kind of treatment has raised doubt in the minds of on an enormous number of people (Mind, 2013). The debate over whether it is morally or professionally right to use restraint as part of the treatment for individuals suffering from mental health issues remained unabated as a†¦show more content†¦The practice of restraint is more commonly used in acute setting compared to other mental health settings(City University, London, 2009) Argument from health professional is that the use restraint is very vital to their security especially in situations where a patient poses the risk of being a menace to himself or others around them (Psychiatric Times, 2015).A study has showed that the act of violence and aggression against patients and nursing staff is unbelievably rising, with about more than half of NHS staff nurses being violently assaulted by patients in ‘2013-14’ (Nice, 2015). Even though, most of these attacks do not normally result in major injuries, they have caused staff to experience severe anxiety, emotional traumas and in some case ‘post-traumatic stress disorder’ (City University, London, 2009). Against these facts, it is believed that the use of restraint, especially in an Acute setting, is essential and ethical (Psychiatric Times, 2015). However, research has shown that there is a correlation between staffs reaction towards mental health patients and the violent and aggress ive behaviour exhibited towards them. This typically occurs when patients feel they are being patronized, not made aware of what is going on around them and not treated well( Glover, 2005). With recent records of excessive and abusive use of restraint, there have beingShow MoreRelatedApplying Equity Theory to Staff Working with Individuals with Intellectual9188 Words   |  37 Pages1993). High levels of turnover (e.g., Test, Flowers, Hewitt, Solow, 2003) and low levels of interaction with service users (e.g., Cullen, Barton, Watts, Thomas, 1983) have also often been found amongst staff. *This manuscript was accepted under the Editorship of Roger J. Stancliffe. Correspondence: Philip Disley, Institute for Health Research, Alexandra Square, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4YT, UK. E-mail: p.disley@lancaster.ac.uk ISSN 1366-8250 print/ISSN 1469-9532 online  ª 2009 AustralasianRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagespublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on

Consumption Function, Autonomous Consumption, And Marginal...

1. Explain and give examples of the Consumption Function, Autonomous Consumption, and Marginal Propensity to Consume. †¢ Consumption Function – The relationship between consumption spending and the level of income o C = Ca + by o Example: Income, wealth, interest rates, age, education, and family size are all part of spending, depending on your level of income. o The life-cycle theory assumes that household members choose their current expenditures optimally, taking account of their spending needs and future income over the remainder of their lifetime. †¢ Autonomous Consumption – The part of consumption that does not depend on income o Example: Electricity, food and costs related to housing, because these expenses are still there even if†¦show more content†¦Also known as the equity market, the stock market is one of the most vital components of a free-market economy, as it provides companies with access to capital in exchange for giving investors a slice of ownership. Private investments, due to the nature of these investment companies, their member investors generally have significant personal wealth and are considered sophisticated enough to not require the same level of regulatory protection accorded to small investors by law. This designation provides added flexibility for private investment funds. (may be better off people) †¢ The correlation is that they are both part of investing money just depends on what you want to invest your money into if it will be just part of the stock market or part of a private investment. 3. During drops and run-up in the stock market some people have compared investing to gambling, saying it is no better than flipping a coin or playing a number on a roulette wheel. How is investing like and how is it different from gambling? †¢ Investing is like gambling because they both involve risk and choice. The gambler and the investor both have to decide how much they want to risk. Both are trying to minimize risk while maximizing profits. Stock investors and gamblers look for an edge in order to help enhance their performance. They both study behavior in some form or another. When gambling, people look for cues or try and gainShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomics and Equilibrium Level1394 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿PROBLEM SET 3 Problems for Chapter 3 1. Suppose the consumption function in the U.S. is represented by the following equation: C = 200 + .5 YD, where YD = Y – T and T = 200. a. What is the level of consumption in this economy if YD = 0? Briefly explain how individuals â€Å"pay for† this consumption when YD = 0. b. Given the above parameters, calculate the level of consumption if Y = 1200. Suppose Y increases to 1300. What happens to the level of YD as Y increases to 1300 (i.e. calculateRead MoreEconomics1000 Words   |  4 PagesAssume a consumption function that takes on the following algebraic form: C = $100 + .8Y. Assume that Y = $1000 what is the level of consumption at this income level. C = $100 + .8($1000) = $100 + $800 = $900. 1. Using the above figure calculate the marginal propensity to consume between the aggregate income levels of $80 and $100. Also explain why this consumption function is linear. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to $15/$20 = .75. The consumption functionRead Moreeccc1266 Words   |  6 Pagesher family. E) all of the above    2. Suppose the consumption equation is represented by the following: C = 250 + .75YD. Given this information, the marginal propensity to save is A) .25. B) .7. C) 1. D) 4. E) none of the above    3. Which of the following events will cause a reduction in equilibrium output? A) an increase in the marginal propensity to save B) an increase in taxes C) a reduction in the marginal propensity to consume D) all of the above E) none of the above Read MoreMacroeconomics and Money1584 Words   |  7 Pages c. Consumption Spending C = 160 + 540 = 700 d. If output is equal to 900, calculate total demand. Are we at equilibrium No, AD = 1000 e. If output is equal to 1000, calculate private savings. Is this equal to Investment? Private Savings = Y – C - T f. Calculate the marginal propensity to consume? g. What is autonomous consumptionRead MoreThe Key Concepts in Economics851 Words   |  4 Pagesscience, I looked at an online dictionary to see how these words were defined. First I looked at economics. The definition stated, â€Å"Economics is a social science concerned chiefly with description and analysis of the production, distribution and consumption of services and goods. Then I looked for the word â€Å"science†. Science was defined as knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the observation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through scientific method. BothRead MoreMacroeconomic terms4408 Words   |  18 Pagesdistributed between consumption and saving. î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ Planned real investment is determined by the rate of interest î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ What won t cause the planned investment function to shift rightward? A decrease in the interest rate î  Ã® â€š  An increase in the interest rate causes a decrease in the amount of real planned investment î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ In the Keynesian model equilibrium national income equals planned consumption, investment,Read MoreThe Working of the Multiplier5519 Words   |  23 PagesSince the income of the road building contributors has increased they will be spending this income on their consumptions and savings. When they purchase their consumer goods, the income of the people who sell these goods increases, who will further be spending the income on their consumptions and savings. This will further increase incomes of some other people and the chain of consumption expenditure would continue and the income of the people will go on increasing. But every additional increaseRead MoreEconomic History Of Japan From The 1960 S Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe liquidity trap. Basic Theory One of the most fundamental ways that policy can affect the economy is through aggregate expenditure. Aggregate expenditure is a function of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Moreover, all four of these inputs have a direct relationship with the aggregate expenditure function. The aggregate expenditure curve is the graphical representation of the trade-off between output and the real interest rate. Therefore, increasing these inputsRead MoreInflation and Aggregate Expenditure1540 Words   |  7 Pages1. A change in all of the following will cause a shift in the consumption function, EXCEPT: A. Investment 2. Planned investment is a function of which of the following variables? C. Technology 3. The planned investment function shows the relationship between planned investment and the real rate of interest, thus the planned investment curve is ____________________. A decrease in the price of capital will cause this curve to ___________________. D. Downward sloping; shift outward 4. An increase inRead MoreMacroeconomics And The Current Economic Situation1364 Words   |  6 Pagespurchase and reversely, save more if this index is low. According to ANZ Roy Morgan Australia, consumer confidence rating increase slightly from 106.4 in July to 109.9 in August 2015. Along with low interest rate, which have reversed effect on consumption, an increase on consumer confidence also help to increase GDP. Forecast of movement of cash rate. The following part will discuss and give a forecast about the next movement of the cash rate in the short term period. Cash rate is the rate of interest

Assessment and Quality Assurance in Global Learning

Question: Discuss about the Assessment and Quality Assurance in Global Learning. Answer: Global learning has been related to finding the relationship between an individual and their country all over the globe. It desires people to discover the differences connections which are present over the globe today (Slimbach, 2012). According to the National curriculum, it was being stated that, The global citizenship discover, what connects people as the whole. It wants learners to see the global issues which are prevailing; and discover the connection among people, countries and issues all around the world. Universal learning is connected to rising as well as urbanized nations. Learners think of special futures and the functions that help them to participate in making a fair and sustainable world. (Peterson and Warwick, 2014). Global citizenship has been included in teaching, by way of which connections are easily made between the issues prevailing locally and globally. Young people were also given some opportunities to: Severely inspect their principles and attitude. Value the connection between different people, and study the importance of variety. Realize the worldwide circumstance of the lives of the people. Inculcate skill which will make them to fight unfairness, biasness and inequality (HEC Global Learning, 2009). International learning is the method of acquiring global competence. And global competence is the way of attainment of understanding, skill and character to appreciate and do something creative for issues having global significance. It is defined as universal literacy whereas the act or process of acquiring comprehensive ability is called global learning (Asia Society, 2011). Global learning is important for various reasons in todays time such as: The environment in which the youth is developing was not there before. As per todays time, individuals are connected by socio- economic political changes. Adapting new approach to know how the educators and working youth prepare individuals to have a better future. Success can be achieved by connecting globally. For learners in todays time, how to work is necessity and not luxury (Asia Society, 2011). Education and Learning are used as synonyms in many circumstances (Joseph, 2016). According to Joi Ito, Whatever people do to you is Education whereas what people do for their own self is learning.(Holmen, 2016)It is not necessary to have education to learn something. The clear example of the same is that the people who are illiterate also learn things which literate people do so it is seen that education is not the necessary element to learn something. Anything can be learnt without attaining education. Knowledge is the natural capability of mind of a human being to view the procedure and regulate the information or understanding. As new information is discovered and processed in mind every day so people keep learning new things. Major portion of an individuals well- established information come from watching things and consideration. However Learning is a prearranged and precise way of handing over the information but it does not work in the same manner for everybody. In order to educate an individual, a teacher is required from whom education is understood to be imparted correctly. An individual can instruct others and can become educated in return. An individual learns from the process of education, regardless of whatever is learned. However an individual who learns does not necessarily need an educator, only the ability to rationally impart information is needed. Education and learning both are the methods of grasping knowledge by way of experience. Learning is regarded as a private attempt while education is regarded as a social and group attempt. Education can be regarded as formal, believing that it figure out the resources from the top down. Flow of information starts with an establishment that offers certification and then provides the resources which helps in attaining the goals expected. Whereas learning start with communities and individuals. The hope to learning something is a natural hope which is often interpreted as casual knowledge by individuals having interest; they arrange and contact funds for that interest (Research in Learning Technology, Vol 20, 2012). The biggest dissimilarity between the two is that they are attained by diverse ways. On a superficial level, an individual learns from experience. Although, the process of learning is not the same; so it is possible to be educated only. Although in some circumstances they are regarded as very different from each other. As according to Webster Education can be termed as, the information and ability which can be regarded as the outcome of training. And Learning is defined as, the act by way of which knowledge and skill are achieved. As per Oxford Reference Dictionary, p. 448 Education is, a systematic instruction whereas learning is, the information gathered by doing a study as mentioned in Oxford Reference Dictionary, p. 814 (wheeler, 2015). Issue which can be framed regarding science of knowledge is Whether by grasping knowledge in different fields people can gain knowledge about what is there in other countries. The answer to such an issue is NO, as the science of knowledge engages with the meta-dimensions of knowledge production. This approach views knowledge as a social construction shaped in part by its historical and social antecedents, but also the pressures and forces acting on education institutions and political parties. The broad area of science is at one level about which kinds of knowledge are in ascendancy (on the rise, popular and gaining an upper hand in policy and pedagogical debates). Science education is also about resourcing a nations economic prosperity, at another level. Science of knowledge includes various ways in which knowledge can be attained. There are different forces which govern educational institutions and political parties. Political parties are defined as, an association of people who share common principles and achieve certain goals related to political system. They help the institutions and processes of a democratic government. They enable people to participate in elections, educate them and facilitate them to make policies (Fichte, 1970). Political parties perform various functions and roles one of which is that they educate people and help in formulating and shaping public opinion. Pressure groups also play a vital role in democratic functioning. They seek to promote, discuss and mobilize opinion of public on various public issues. They educate people and widen their vision by which changes are brought in framing of policies (Hofmeister and Grabow, 2011). It is accepted that people get knowledge in various forms but they still lack in knowing what it takes to get educated like the people who live abroad. In todays world, all the individuals want to go abroad for studies. They all want to get education of other developed countries as they are much more advanced than us. So global learning should be provided by way of which people will get a better understanding of knowledge. The individuals should know everything happening abroad and issues which they are facing. Some of the things should be adopted so that we can uplift our self and get better education. Issue can be raised in Language, identity and cultural differences as, Whether global learning helps in filling up the gap between the language, identity and cultural differences which are prevailing around the globe. Yes, it helps in filling up the gap between Language identity and cultural differences. They are interconnected between one another in the group of two. According to an Author it has been stated that the aim of learning is inculcating worldwide understanding, accountability and efficient contribution in this global world. That means that the English learners should improve their communication skills cross-culture. In order to achieve this goal, a detailed understanding of the relation is essential. Culture and languages are closely related to each other. It was stated by a researcher that, language is a medium by which we make sense of things by which a meaningful outcome is produced and exchanged. He also explains culture as, the actual stranded ground of pattern, representations, languages and customs of a specific society.(Zou, 2012) The relation among language culture and personality can be appreciated by viewing the connection between each of them. The link between the languages and cultures has been close. Firstly, it is stated that culture produces shared meanings. Secondly, language can embody the cultural difference. According to a researcher language is defined as, a representative observation which gives sense or term to the system of cultural belongingness. At last, it has been stated that it is the culture which gives meaning to things rather than a thing having a meaning itself. As there is a close relationship between language and culture so highlighting on cultural learning is being done (Gymperz, 1982). On the other hand, language can be there and it can build a personality. Community can also be identified by that. Hence, language is not passive but actually it helps in shaping the society. Identity and cultural differences are also closely connected. Cultural difference constructs different identities. Culture also helps in shaping an individual by which he helps him to create himself by way of culture. The above mentioned connections between the words, characteristics and societal differences were being included by the idea of society. The connection can be achieved by examining our daily life style. But by having a global learning it will be more beneficial for people to grasp more knowledge and increase their vocabulary. People can know about what all type of cultures traditions languages prevail outside our nation. An attempt has been done, as foreign languages are being taught in some of the institutions to the students (Singh, 2002). As a result of which follow and know one more language apart from Hindi and English. So global learning or education is prevailing as a key element for the development of a nation (Gadsby and Bullivant. 2011). Globalization has been there before also but only for the trade in goods and services. In this field of attaining knowledge global learning can share a major part. Issue raised is, Whether globalization contributes to some extent to global learning of students. Yes, it helps the students to know and work abroad. It can be defined in various forms. Globalization is defined as the ways in which different domains of a country are expanding internationally. By way of new technology of communication, people can easily connect with their loved ones living on the other end of the world. Mediums like media include messaging, phone, whatsapp, etc has been an intermediary through which people can communicate easily. As in the past, such luxuries were not available; so the cost for communicating to family valued much more than it costs now. Freedom to trade between nations has been provided by way of globalization. As trade started taking place globally so market also expanded. Companies were being developed on a worldwide scale as a result of which national markets were being replaced by international ones (Orozco, 2007). To accommodate a more united world, new rules and legislatures has been introduced. Multilateral agreements are the agreements which are signed by multiple nations. National governments not only maintain their own policies also those of the multilateral agreement. Global education has five ways of learning: Interdependence and globalization Personality, educational variety, and individuals privileges Harmony and degree of divergence Sustainable futures (Global Education, 2012). The spirit of worldwide knowledge enables youth to volunteer in making world a better place to live in. Information put emphasis on the harmonizing with the world, inculcating an intellect of a person and approval of educational variety, etc. It also helps in promoting morals and help youth to be responsible for their own acts. It helps students to be a global citizen to help in making a quiet and peaceful world (Global Education, 2012). Global educators of Australia put emphasis on developing relationships with neighbors in different regions of Pacific and Indian Ocean. Different global perspectives have been adopted by Australia. In Australian schools a framework of global education is followed which helps in including global perspective in their curriculum. Advice is given to all the teachers and school teams for implementation of such a kind of framework at school level. A wide approach brings everyone together including the people and environment they live in Clarity of the social nature and everyones ability to decide their favorite fields A prospect to discover vital themes such as adjust, personality, variety, privileges, silence, etc The concentration on supportive knowledge, action, collective accountability A stress on significant view statement A chance to build a useful accountable principle (Global Education, 2012) Appadurai proposed five factors which add to the interconnection between thoughts knowledge globally. 5 dimensions which are flowing continuously changing, like cultures are stated as: Ethnos cape includes the movement of citizens across cultures and boundaries, representing the globe. It is seen that People now a days migrate to foreign countries for pursuing their degrees. Students who are going out from their nation are simply going to study abroad. As a result of which they learn and know about different things which are prevailing in that country. So, it is clearly seen that global learning helping people to get educated. Technoscape includes different technologies which help in cross cultures and exchange of information. Technology is also a major element by which people are getting benefits. As it is the new technology only by which people are getting connected to their dear ones sitting in other state. Mediums like whatsapp, Skype, etc. are the technological advancements which has helped people to grow and connect globally. Finanscape includes Technology which is changeable. Mediascapes can be defined as the other media outlets which help in making the globe a place to live in. Ideoscapes centers on the ideologies of a government (Hogan, 2016). It is the digital education which helps individuals to sit anywhere and connect and have distant learning. Issue can be raised that, Whether it is sharing a minor portion in global learning. An Even Start- National Tuition Program was started in Australia to provide parents or guardians of qualified youth with $700 fees for educating their child. The Department of Education, Employment and workplace Relations (DEEWR) of Government of Australia takes responsibility for managing of the curriculum (Cook, 2009). It is one of the initiatives to get and attain knowledge globally. In UK, recently a coding has been introduced across all the classrooms which have a small view for education of children of 21st century is concern. About 2-3 years back, the Education Department marked its visualization for the present generation future personnel to be people who are digitally literate. It stated about making students actively participating in the world of electronic learning. It also outlined that students should not get occupied in making increasing new things. And not just using technology as it is in the present scenario. Only 15% of the teachers felt that they have total sense of working on a computer. 70% of the teachers didnt want to follow digital skills currently (Wired, 2012). Although, India have attempted to achieve a rate of literacy from 12- 74% but it still lags behind from the average of 84% which is prevailing world over. Programs like SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) have certainly proved to be beneficial to various coverage. But a lot has to be done to fully teach the citizens (Bisla, 2016). The drop out ration in India is due to the requirement of facilities like collection, hygienic toilets. Private schools in a rat-race to raise margins commercialize education. It also shows a useless boredom for weaker section children as mentioned in Right to Education act. In order to improve culture of India, ICT (Information Communication Technology) revolt has helped in finding out a means to initiate some discoveries in spheres like instruction, fitness, etc. Culture which is provided globally is amongst the important factors to see a remarkable change in todays time. It is the universal cure for imprecation of tutoring globally. It is basically an approval for rising countries which slowly get addicted to admittance affordability. Digital learning has 3 elements: The Matter The expertise platform The freedom of communication Digital Education came in 1990s in urbanized countries similar to USA. As technologies and strategy came early in USA as a result of which other urbanized countries started piercing steadily. Urban nations realized the settlement of Digital Education started accepting it by keeping an eye for future benefits (Thomas, 2011). Digital Literacy Infrastructure has been one of the well-known hurdles in the way of Digital education. Still most of the individuals dont use internet and technologies which were being adopted by other nations way back ago. Hence, administration must work towards including shareholders for a sustainable future (Frechette and Williams, 2015). In todays world, still some people are there who dont speak English. So, technologies should be made available to the people who are illiterate. Some softwares should be made by which, people can access internet and connect by listening to the people as they cant write. Active campaigning, sessions, workshops and approaches should be adopted to bring about Digital awareness which tends to change the system from Distance Education to Digital Education (Bisla, 2016). All youth should gain understanding by engaging with professionals all over the globe on international issues. In todays world, it is hard to imagine attain learning without being in touch with the e- world. The websites which helps people to connect with larger world should not be blocked. The activities of a student who is online can be approached by way of smart learning. An individual will act smartly and in a responsible manner by way of digital and media literacy. Genuine reality assignments make youth discover connect in correct direction (Jackson, 2016). Digital and worldwide learning are interrelated to each other in the context of education, training, etc. Excellence cant be attained in digital education if teachers growth is not there. During then life span, possibilities are there that earth will not be less digital or less global. A digital citizen can only be accountable for the education of youth (Jackson, 2016). Over the past few years, there has been a major development of quality assurance activities. It aims towards improvement of education on national and international level. Institutions public seeks responsibility of education which has stimulated the government to set up state excellence declaration agency. Quality Assurance can be termed as, organized administration and appraisal events which are adopted by higher education institutions (Jung, Wong and Belawati, 2013). They also help in monitoring presentation along with objectives and make sure that excellence outputs and improvements have been achieved.(Belawati and Zuhairi, 2016) The quality of an activity and process can be assessed in two different ways that is by way of benchmarking or by way of requirement of standards. Setting a standard makes a comparison between the act and results achieved by others; whereas the use of standards is for judging the performance. E-learning is one of the activities which help in setting of universities where a standard process may be engaged to discover excellence (Oliver, 2005). So, in the end it is concluded that in last few years, it is global learning only which has helped people to connect globally. Education is also been provided by sitting in one country to the person who is sitting in another state by way of different mediums. References: Asia Society. (2011). Introducing global competence and global learning. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://asiasociety.org/files/afterschool-ehtrainers-workshop-globalcompetence.pdf. Belawati, T and Zuhairi, A. (2016). The Practice of a Quality Assurance System in Open and Distance Learning: A case study at Universitas Terbuka Indonesia (The Indonesia Open University). Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/340/774. Bisla, S. (2016). Digital Education: Scope And Challenges - A Perspective Of A Developing Society. E- Learning industry. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://elearningindustry.com/digital-education-scope-challenges-developing-society. Cook, J. (2009). An Even Start: Innovative resources to support teachers better monitor and better support students measured below benchmark. Research Conference. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049context=research_conference. Fichte, J. G. (1970).The Science of Knowledge: With the First and Second Introductions. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L3qwRZ4KYGACdq=science+of+knowledgesource=gbs_navlinks_s. Frechette, J. and Williams, R. (2015).Media Education for a Digital Generation Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies. Routledge. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VYe9CgAAQBAJdq=digital+educationsource=gbs_navlinks_s. Gadsby, H and Bullivant, A. (2011). Global Learning and Sustainable Development. Taylor Francis. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_BAjNWFkphECdq=global+learningsource=gbs_navlinks_s. Global Education. (2012). Why adopt a global perspective. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.globaleducation.edu.au/global-education/why-global-perspective.html. Global Education. (2012). What are global perspectives. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.globaleducation.edu.au/global-education/what-are-global-perspectives.html. Global Education. (2012). What is Global Education. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.globaleducation.edu.au/global-education/what-is-global-ed.html. Gumperz, J.J. (1982). Language and Social Identity. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from:https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PnXSXb6866ECdq=language+identity+and+cultural+differencessource=gbs_navlinks_s. HEC Global Learning: Global Footprints. (2009). what is Global Learning. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.globalfootprints.org/globallearning/. Hofmeister, W and Grabow, K. (2011). Political Parties Functions and Organisation in Democratic Societies. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_7671-1442-2-30.pdf?120920114650. Hogan, A.M. (2016). Appadurais 5- scapes.Amherst College. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.amherst.edu/academiclife/departments/courses/1011F/MUSI/MUSI-04-1011F/blog/node/229354#top. Holmen, M. (2016). Education vs Learning - What Exactly is the Difference. Ed Tech Review. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/1417-education-vs-learning-what-exactly-is-the-difference. Jackson, A. (2016). Digital, Global Learning. Education Week. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/global_learning/2012/02/digital_global_learning.html. Joseph, J. (2016). Is there a difference between Education and Learning. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://blogs.ams.org/mathgradblog/2012/10/03/difference-education learning/#sthash.LEbt5HNt.dpbs. Jung, I, Wong, T.M. and Belawati, T.(2013). Quality Assurance in Distance Education and E-learning: Challenges and Solutions from Asia. SAGE Publications India. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Od2GAwAAQBAJdq=quality+assurance+in+global+learningsource=gbs_navlinks_s. Oliver, R. (2005). Quality assurance and e-learning: blue skies and pragmatism. ALT-J, Research in Learning Technology. 13(3). Pp-173-187. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://core.ac.uk/download/files/5/7212.pdf. Orozco, M.S. (2007). Learning in the Global Era: International Perspectives on Globalization and Education. University of California Press. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PH2TgkJy4CQCdq=learning+globallysource=gbs_navlinks_s. Peterson, A and Warwick, P.(2014). Global Learning and Education: An Introduction. Routledge. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Jg4cBQAAQBAJdq=global+learningsource=gbs_navlinks_s. Singh, M. (2002). Global Learning. Common Ground Publishing Pty, Limited. . Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4-5JAAAAYAAJq=global+learningdq=global+learninghl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwij3eWc8urOAhUJPI8KHQvsD4kQ6AEILDAD. Slimbach, R. (2012). Becoming World Wise: A Guide to Global Learning. Stylus Publishing, LLC. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=x7rIDjabOvwCdq=learning+globallysource=gbs_navlinks_s. Thomas, M. (2011). Digital Education: Opportunities for Social Collaboration.Digital Education and Learning.Springer. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=haZgAQAAQBAJdq=digital+educationsource=gbs_navlinks_s. Vestergaard, T.(1999). Language, Culture and Identity. Centre for Languages and Intercultural Studies, Aalborg University. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RAeAAAAAMAAJq=language+identity+and+cultural+differencesdq=language+identity+and+cultural+differenceshl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjssu6A8OrOAhWMvI8KHTVYDHcQ6AEIOTAF. Wheeler, K. (2015). Whats the Difference Between Training, Education, Development and Learning. Future of talent institute. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://futureoftalent.org/whats-difference-training-education-development-learning/. Wired. (2012). Digital Education: One Giant Leap for Students and Teachers Too. Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/09/digital-education-teachers/. Zou, H. (2012). Language Identity and Cultural Difference. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity. 2(6) Retrieved on 29th Aug, 2016 from: https://www.ijssh.org/papers/148-A00032.pdf.

Sheet Music Review free essay sample

â€Å"Dragons Fly on the Winds of Time† â€Å"Dragons Fly on the Winds of Time† is one of the fifty (50) compositions Larry Neeck has composed. Four of these compositions, Mr. Neeck has received ASCAP awards for. Additionally, Mr. Neeck has written for the internationally acclaimed jazz violinist Regina Carter and for the jazz saxophonist James Carter. Outside of composing music, Mr. Neeck teaches instrumental music at Webster New York Central School District. Close your eyes and allow your imagination to soar with the â€Å"Dragons on the Winds of Time†. â€Å"Jana’s Dance† High energy and shifting time signatures make David Gorham’s composition of â€Å"Jana’s Dance† come alive right on the stage. David Gorham (born in 1978) has almost sixty (60) published works. Included in Mr. Gorham’s works are several pieces he composed for groups throughout the country, including the University of Arkansas Wind Ensemble, Arkansas All-State Band, the North Hill Symphony Band, and the United States Air Force Band of Mid-America. We will write a custom essay sample on Sheet Music Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Currently working at Owasso High School, his job not only includes overseeing the school’s band program, but also directing the Wind Ensemble, Concert Band and The Pride marching band. I hope you enjoy the dancing melodies of David Gorham’s â€Å"Jana’s Dance†. â€Å"Pevensey Castle† The next piece is a mysterious sounding composition by Robert Sheldon called â€Å"Pevensey Castle†. Robert Sheldon (born on February 3, 1954) is one of the most preformed composers worldwide. His popularity is not surprising considering that he has attained many awards for his compositions. Along with composing music, Mr. Sheldon is a frequent guest conductor and clinician throughout the United States, as well as Japan, Canada, Australia and The Republic of China. Currently, Mr. Sheldon is Concert Band Editor for Alfred Music Publishing. Now, please enjoy Robert Sheldon’s interpretation surrounding the historical times of the fall of England’s Pevensey Castle during the dark ages. â€Å"Opinion Paragraph† Each piece has its pros and cons, but never the less I enjoy them all. With the challenges each piece presented there were also opportunities to learn and grow as musicians. â€Å"Jana’s Dance†, I thought, had the easiest rhythms and notes, but the articulations and tempo made it more difficult to play. However, in my opinion it is the articulation and tempo required of the piece that adds to its overall quality and enjoyability. Most of the trouble I encountered with â€Å"Pevensey Castle† was establishing and maintaining the dynamics in their correct places. The simplicity of the melody allowed me to direct more of my focus on dynamics though; however, the tempo made it a bit more difficult. In â€Å"Dragons Fly on the Winds of Time† I found it crucial to subdivide certain parts when I was playing a different part than those around me. I particularly enjoyed the diversity of each section’s different parts, and the way in which the parts combined together to form one piece. The variety of styles of these three pieces presented opportunities for further growth to us as student musicians, as well as an entertaining combination of pieces for the listening pleasure of our families and friends attending our spring concert.

Joanne Greenbergs I Never Promised You A Rose Garden free essay sample

A discussion of the novel depicting the pain and suffering of schizophrenia. This paper discusses Joanne Greenbergs semi-autobiographical novel which tackles issues surrounding mental illness. The authors intentions in writing the novel are outlined, including the importance of the patients relationship to the therapist, the relationship with family and the humanization of mental illness. `Deborah Blau, the protagonist in I Never Promised You A Rose Garden, creates a world called Yr as one of the symptoms of her disease. Yr is a tranquil haven from the real world until Deborah undergoes treatment for her illness. While she tackles her issues in the hospital under the kind and skilled guidance of her therapist Dr. Clara Fried, Deborah is forced to confront the painful emotions that have haunted her throughout her life. These issues and her family background are offered by Greenberg not as an excuse or cause for Deborahs illness, but to provide context and garner empathy. We will write a custom essay sample on Joanne Greenbergs I Never Promised You A Rose Garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the novel, the points of view of Deborahs parents and her sister are examined, also to provide a greater understanding of schizophrenia as it affects not only the patient but also all who care for her. The novel ends on an uplifting but realistic note: Deborah has begun to trust the healing process even as she recognizes that the process will be no `rose garden.

Free Essays on Book Of Job V. Aristotles Poetics

Book of Job vs Aristotle’s Poetics Aristotle was, arguably, the greatest single thinker that has ever walked the earth. His thoughts and writings covered all aspects of life. So important were his works that to not know them was, until not too long ago, considered uncivilized. He composed a set of standards which have been applied throughout the ages to determine, in a scholarly fashion, what indeed is and what is not true drama. Although Job was written many years before Aristotle laid his ideas to paper, it is an example of what drama should be, according to the regulations established in Poetics. One of the first standards that Aristotle set up was the idea of extremes. This idea, established in section II of Poetics, calls for the â€Å"good† characters to be overly good and â€Å"bad† characters exceedingly bad. Job is without peer in the land of men, being â€Å"perfect and upright.† (Job 93). Additionally, he is even given credit with being the â€Å"greatest of all men in the east.† (Job 93). Job is forced to deal with troubles created by Satan himself, the epitome of evil. The factions of absolute good and unqualified evil square off in this early drama. Aristotle was extremely adamant that the â€Å"change of fortune† must be from good to bad. However, the reduction in stature must not be caused by some debauchery of the character’s but rather by some â€Å"error or frailty† in order to elicit more of an emotional response. This allows the audience to empathize with the character rather than being shocked by the action. (Poetics 973). Job fits this prerequisite quite well. Events cannot get much worse than when a person loses all ten of his children, over ten thousand of his animals, his entire household, and his wealth to boot. Job is the archetype of the innocent victim. His fortune changes from the ultimate measure of wealth to the lowest measure of despair. Again, this action is not caused by any o... Free Essays on Book Of Job V. Aristotle's Poetics Free Essays on Book Of Job V. Aristotle's Poetics Book of Job vs Aristotle’s Poetics Aristotle was, arguably, the greatest single thinker that has ever walked the earth. His thoughts and writings covered all aspects of life. So important were his works that to not know them was, until not too long ago, considered uncivilized. He composed a set of standards which have been applied throughout the ages to determine, in a scholarly fashion, what indeed is and what is not true drama. Although Job was written many years before Aristotle laid his ideas to paper, it is an example of what drama should be, according to the regulations established in Poetics. One of the first standards that Aristotle set up was the idea of extremes. This idea, established in section II of Poetics, calls for the â€Å"good† characters to be overly good and â€Å"bad† characters exceedingly bad. Job is without peer in the land of men, being â€Å"perfect and upright.† (Job 93). Additionally, he is even given credit with being the â€Å"greatest of all men in the east.† (Job 93). Job is forced to deal with troubles created by Satan himself, the epitome of evil. The factions of absolute good and unqualified evil square off in this early drama. Aristotle was extremely adamant that the â€Å"change of fortune† must be from good to bad. However, the reduction in stature must not be caused by some debauchery of the character’s but rather by some â€Å"error or frailty† in order to elicit more of an emotional response. This allows the audience to empathize with the character rather than being shocked by the action. (Poetics 973). Job fits this prerequisite quite well. Events cannot get much worse than when a person loses all ten of his children, over ten thousand of his animals, his entire household, and his wealth to boot. Job is the archetype of the innocent victim. His fortune changes from the ultimate measure of wealth to the lowest measure of despair. Again, this action is not caused by any o...

Eiffel Tower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Eiffel Tower - Essay Example This building has an amazing history of origin: in 1889 in Paris in order to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution the World Exhibition was held, so the city government instructed to erect a temporary structure, which had to serve as an entrance arch. The Common French Competition of architectural and engineering projects was launched on May the 1st, 1886. The competition attracted 107 applicants, and most of them just repeated the tower project proposed by Eiffel. Thus Eiffel project became one of the four winners, and after that the engineer made final changes to the project and found a compromise between the original purely engineering scheme design and decorative option. As a result, committee insisted on the Eiffel Tower plan, although the idea was not his, but his two employees. Such a complex structure was collected within two years, and it became possible because Eiffel applied to special construction methods. In order to match the tower to the sophisticated tastes of the Parisian public, architect Stephen Sauvestre was instructed to contribute the design and to work on tower’s artistic appearance. He proposed to add decorative arches to the base, to make a glass pavilion on the first level, to give a rounded shape to the top of the tower and use a variety of elements for its decoration. 300 workers performed construction works during two years, two months and five days. High speed of construction was provided by precision drawings and exact dimensions. And on March the 31st, 1889, in less than 26 months after the start of digging pits, Eiffel invited several more or less physically hardy officials to make the first rise on 1710 level. Construction was stunning and got immediate success. During first six months more than 2 million visitors came to see the "iron lady†. Despite its common success, from the very beginning of the construction there were also enough opponents to the building of the

Learner's profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learner's profile - Essay Example to Min for improving his language proficiency shall include verb and subject agreement, verb tenses, correct pronunciation of words, and a wider vocabulary. This can be done by reading activities which will enable him to learn new words, correct his pronunciation and intonation, and check his comprehension. I believe that Min’s English skills can be further improved by exposing him to other English native speakers. Thus, activities should be complemented with daily interaction with other Australians. On the basis of the tests carried out on him covering various aspects of his language learning efficiency it could safely be ascertained that the learner possesses satisfactory skills of elementary level which includes reading, writing, speaking as well as listening skills. Some words still required to be repeated over and over again. Often times, choosing simpler and more familiar words aid him to understand and respond more quickly during interviews. However he does understand the overall meaning of the conversation. (I do not have any source to find out how Min fared in the other tests. I only have his reading and writing test samples, but writing on something that I do not know is apparently difficult. I haven’t even heard how he speaks nor have any idea about his listening skills. However I have tried to incorporate some of the findings in the task.) For non English speakers, listening is a relatively tough job, which is mainly because of the variation in intonations and word stress which is quite different compared to other languages. Also the individual skill levels count, like a good vocabulary, and frequent contacts with the native English speakers. Such factors help in adapting to the sounds, intonations, stress and pronunciations of the English language. Some English words are pronounced differently in Korean language which sometimes makes it difficult for the non native speakers, like Min, to grasp specific information from conversations, often

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Ethics - Essay Example However, the exact grounds that justify connection between the mind and the body along with the energy associated by which the mental impact upon such physical entity, lies beyond the prevailing reach of human knowledge. Despite this such problem with causation that has hardly found resolution in his philosophy, Hume recognizes that the ultimate basis of all value is desire and emotion while the presence of rational judgment is only assumes the role of determining what makes a person satisfy basic desires toward happiness. On the contrary, the ethics proposed by Kant perceives good will as the sole absolute good wherein moral act does not constitute the will to gratify self-interests and that one’s act can only be considered to possess moral worth if it is done out of duty. Kant further supposes that purity of thoughts are a basis of moral obligation which is generally attached to a universal principle every human deed ought to abide by in order to be labeled moral in nature. Through his metaphysical critique of pure reason, nevertheless, Kant admits that the highest sensibility to knowledge is yet unreachable for even as mind is susceptible to dynamism, its capacity for operating within conf ines of reason and morality is limited by the empirical realm of space and time. While Plato, on the other hand, metaphysically holds the theory of ‘dualism’ in consideration of reality on different levels being composed of ‘forms’ and ‘physical world’ where the latter contains images that are less real than physical objects, he establishes an amply similar argument with Kant’s ethical position. Based on virtue, Plato presents ‘well-being’ as the ultimate end of human’s rational thinking and conduct with which applied virtues form the character traits and pertinent skills that complete an individual. Being a student of Plato, Aristotle

Merits and Demerits of Devaluation

Merits and Demerits of Devaluation Background and History Pakistan has unusual history of successive devaluation. The rupee was first devalued in 1950 in response to a similar move by India. Later in 1972, Z.A. Bhuttos government massively devalued the rupee by 133%. The rupee was further devalued in early 1980s during General Zia regime. Moeen Qureshis caretaker government in 1993 also devalued the rupee by 7%. After that it was Benazir Bhuttos government that further devalued the rupee and finally same measure are being taken by the present government of Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif. Pakistan has been on a system of managed float since January 8, 1982. For most of the past decade the rupee had been fixed in relation to the US dollar at the rate of Rs 9.9= US$1. The new exchange regime commenced with an official nominal depreciation of 5 percent in the month of January, and a cumulative 30 % for the year 1982. This was accompanied by the abandonment of the fixed peg to the US dollar and its replacement by a flexible basket peg whereby the authorities manage the nominal exchange rate actively. The exchange rate system has remained unlettered up to the present and the Government has periodically re-affirmed its commitment to this flexible management in stabilization and adjustment programs negotiated with the IMF. Since the introduction of the new system there has been a continuous downward slide in our exchange rate. At present the rate of Pak RS in 2010. This represents a depreciation of 260 percent since Devaluation and its function Depreciation or devaluation refers to the downward movement of the rate at which the home currency exchanges against the foreign currency or an increase in the domestic price of one unit of the foreign currency. Depreciation is the name given to this drop when it occurs in a free market; devaluation is the same thing resulting from government actions in a market that is not free. Since 1973 most of the currencies are on the floating currency system, through the system of dirty floating still allows government/ central banks to interfere to some extent. The question of devaluing the external value of the currency is one of the hotly debated issues in public policy discussions. On the one hand, the IMF and the World Bank supports devaluation as an important component of their recommended policy package for less developed countries (LDCs). On the other hand many economist and economic policy makers are strongly opposed to devaluing currencies has become a dirty word in many countries. Technically, devaluation of a currency is the last resort when other fiscal and monetary measures like demand management , financial incentive, trade restrictions have proved to be less effective in solving problem of balance of payment, by boosting the countrys exports and decreasing imports. In countries like Pakistan where major economic problem is lack of growth, exports are low because of poor quality of goods rather than the value of the currency. The mechanism of the open market keeps on adjusting exchange rate automatically and has made devaluation obsolete. Balancing Mechanism Basically devaluation is a measure to correct a fundamental disequilibrium in countrys balance of payments. Equilibrium in a countrys balance is a result of restraint on imports and foreign payments of all sorts and an expansion of exports and foreign exchange earning of all sorts. The restraint on import cannot be achieved through appeals. It has to be done through direct restriction and/or through operation of the price mechanism, that is to say through making imports costlier by operating on import duties, and this in fact has been extensively done in many developing countries, including Pakistan. However, this is open to some objections and limitations so a simple way of making imports costlier is not adjustment of the exchange rate. The entire burden of making imports costlier is not generally placed on the exchange rate mechanism. It is shared by the device of import duties and also quantitative regulations. The import duty mechanism can also be used to make transition to the n ew exchange rate and to give a certain amount of discretionary treatment to individual items of import. The Price Factor The other major objective of devaluation is to promote export. It should be noted that what is contemplated is an increase in exports in foreign exchange; in term of domestic currency. Exports on the whole will have to increase by more than the percentage of devaluation. Expansion of exports depends upon a number of factors, the elasticity of supply in devaluing country and of demand for the products of that country abroad. Much depends on the prices at which the devaluing country is able to offer its goods. Contractionary Impact Reluctance to adjust the exchange rate in downward direction is due to its possible contractionary impact on output and employment, re-distribution of income from wages earner to property owners, cost-push inflationary pressure and the initial favourable effect on the balance of payment. All of the above will eventually reserved through a process of domestic inflation and larger imports. When quantitative controls on imports duties are reduced along with the devaluation, imports and exports are not particularly sensitive to price changes especially in the short run. This is particularly applicable in the case of UDCs whose imports are often consist of essential capital goods, intermediate inputs including fuel and fertilizer and sometimes basic consumer goods like food grains, edible oils etc. There is little scope for cutting down these imports. The exports of UDCs on the other hand mainly consist of primary commodities and processed materials whose supply elasticity are rather low in short run. If devaluation has to improve the balance of trade in short run, it should come through a reduction in the level of output and changes in the distribution of income towards high saver which would reduce the demand for imports and generate a bigger exportable surplus. Recession, unemployment and unequal distribution of income are the costs of a successful devaluation. Inflationary Pressure The ineffective of exchange rate adjustment in securing improvement in the external balance primarily comes from the fact that changes in costs arising from exchange rate movements feed through quickly and extensively into the economy and contribution to the accerlation of prevailing inflationary pressure associated with an improvement of the monetary conditions. The rigid climb in price over a long period has stimulated defensive inflationary responses amoung industrialists, agriculturalist, business mens, and wage earner and has nullified the impact of exchange rate adjustments on the international competitiveness of our exports. It should be taken into account that devaluation corrects the past inflationary and other economic development that led to adverse movement in the balance of payment. This does not protect the balance of payments against further inflationary and other adverse developments. Frequent devaluation of a currency is undesirable. It stimulates speculation and res ults in distortion in income, consumption, industrial growth and public finance. This also erodes the confidence in the currency. DEMAND Management Unfortunately, for keeping our external accounts disequilibrium within sustainable limits, we have relied rather heavily on exchange rate adjustment and not paid attention to the efficiency dimension of our economic system. Economic efficiency at the macro and micro levels requires high productivity, technological efficiency, high rates of saving and investment, and incomes policy that does not lead to cost-push inflation and fiscal-monetary policy that provides a stable environment for careful demand management. These are the simple and inflexible economic laws that were recognized and grasped. Neither negative controls nor artificial stimuli like frequent depreciation of external value of the currency with help except a little and temporarily. International trade and Devaluation Globalization is the strategy of todays world. The concept of information sharing has reinforced the process of globalization throughout the world. The consultant and analysts are, therefore, working on the integration of the entire system to run smoothly without any hindrances. Looking at the economic activity in this scenario, there is two major classifications, good and services. The globalization of goods can be seen in the prospective of international trade. By international trade we mean exchange of goods between the nations. Looking at the economies of the world we find that the states are broadening their activities by offering investors to share their share of excellence and encouraging their local manufacture to explore the possibilities of selling their goods in the foreign markets. International trade is very important in terms of increasing the foreign exchange of the country which ultimately prospers the people. The Government of Pakistan has liberalized its trade policy with devaluation of Pak rupee and encouraged the manufacturers to export their goods and invited foreign companies to compete in the local market. The key reason for international trade is provided by the theory of Comparative costs importance of relative cost saving in the production of one item over the other. Obviously it would be better to buy a product from china at the price of Rs 1/= instead of producing it at the cost of Rs. 2/- that can be ultimately be sold for Rs 2.50 in the market. There are various other reasons which strongly support the trading among the countries, few of which are: Decreasing cost Consumption of excess production Difference in taste Foreign Exchange rate From international trade, we mean buying and selling the goods among nations. The deal cannot, of-course, be taken place without availability of currency to be accepted by the seller, on the other hand an exporter/importer would definitely like to know how the exchange rate of Pakistan rupee into dollar is being fixed, and how can her benefit from it?. At present in Pakistan we have managed float of currency to determine exchange rate as an independent policy instrument. We need some criteria to fix the exchange of currency amoung the countries. It is important to note that only a favourable exchange can really benefits the nation and by favourable exchange, we mean, getting more foreign currency by paying less local currency. Theoretically there are two type of exchange rates: Stable Exchange rate Altough stable exchange rate has no pratical value now a days, yet it helps in understanding the determination of exchange theory. A stable exchange rate was set by the value of gold. However, with passage of time, the limitation and deficiencies of gold standard started emerging. Few of these were carrying inconvencies, remelting of gold, shipment of gold, different valuation of gold by different countries, and unavailability of sufficient gold to meet with the heavy demand. That is why the gold system was found inadequate ans was replaced with the flexible exchange rate. Flexible or floating exchange rate Flexible exchange rate is set by the interaction of demand and supply schedule for foreign exchange indepently. The optimum level in demand and supply teory is set at the point where supply equal to the demand. So if a person want to buy electric equipment from America worth $ 100000/- and an American in contrast wants to buy cotton and the parity between US$ and Pak rupee is 1:1, the equation will be somehow similar to as follows: Demand for US$ by Pakistan 100,000 Demand for Rs. By America 50,000 Pakistan is demanding more dollars than America wants to supply. The demand and supply are not in balance, consequently Pakistan shall have to refix the parity between $ and rupee at a level where our demand for $ will become equal to the supply of $. Now if we reduce the price of our goods by half of the existing price: Demand for US$ by Pakistan 100,000 Demand of Rs by America 25,000 This reduction price will have dual effects: Dollas will become more expensive, the American goods will become more costly. Pakistani Rupee will become more cheaper, our goods will become cheaper and as a result the demand for our goods will increase. From the above it can be included that demans for imports should be in line with supply of exports. Total value of imports and exports of a country can also help manufacturers to design their plans for future expansion. With an expensive foreign currency, export may be increased with relatively low price supply of goods and quality production within the country. At the same time with a cheap currency investment can be made in foreign countries to utilize the cheap resources and ultimately increases the value of the firm. DEVALUATION its effects on Exports As the reason for the devaluation has been to strengthen the countrys balance of payment by stimulating exports, curtailing imports and by encouraging overseas Pakistanis to remit their earning through banks by narrowing the wedge between the official exchange rate and the kerb rate in the open market. It is universally accepted concept that the exchange rate mechanism is used to create a balance between the imports and exports but what is lesser known fact is that this mechanism need to be implemented at the right time and for the right economic reasons to be fully effective in achieving the desired purpose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Devaluation Advantages of Devaluation Devaluation helps in obtaining international market demand perfection in quality and reduction in price up to a competitive level. As both developed and underdeveloped countries function in one international market therefore, it is not easy for Pakistan to sell a product which is also produced by France, Germany or Holland if the prices are high. However, we are competing with the underdeveloped countries, it is, therefore, very necessary for us to adjust our prices with the prices of our competitors to serve in the market. Every new product has four stages, out of which the first stage is introduction stage. An introduction stage demands lot of efforts to promote the product and create awareness among the buyers. At this stage it is vital to sell it at even below the cost. That is why the government provides certain duty drawbacks for a specified period, until that time when the product is self-sufficient. Each country maintains an account for its total imports exports schedule along with balance of payment chart. At times when its imports increase from its exports and the balance of payment deteriorates it becomes vital to increase its exports immediately. The reduction in prices is one of the quickest ways of increasing the exports. At times when people tend to buy imported goods and local industry start suffering, it is necessary to discourage the people so that they cut down their expenditure towards foreign buying and direct towards local goods. Devaluation is one of the techniques to decrease imports and encourage the local industry. Reduction in price through devaluation has long term effects, which can be seen over a period of time. All the above conditions are currently prevailing in Pakistan. However the question arises as to why all these conditions have comparatively more drastic affects on our economy. The answer to this question relates to our policy of income projection and receipt from foreign donors and countries. In the past, we were used to manage our budgetary gaps with the help of aids and debts. But this time the situation is different we could not did any foreign source of income. The IMF was used to extend loans for our development programs in the past. However, during the current year the IMF had stopped its $300 million trench of its ESAF credit. The result is quite obvious: devaluation and imposition of new duties/taxes Disadvantages of Devaluation Devaluation with all its disadvantages has become an irregular policy. It is rater an ad-hoc arrangement for less demand. Instead imperfect planning is essential to forecast the future when the original price level will be maintained again. Devaluation involves high risk of inflation with the country for e.g if the exports do not increase as the result of decrease of price the country will suffer losses due to increase cost of all imports as well as local imports. Loss resulted due to decrease in prices in international market. Devaluation automatically increases the value of external debts and correspondingly the amount required for debt servicing Devaluation of a currency is considered as a last step to be taken after failure of all other fiscal and monetary measures. Before devaluing currency to boost economy through increasing exports, other factors need to be evaluated, for example, lower exports may be because of poor quality of goods, trade barrier, lower value added goods, unavailability of export items e.t.c Continued depreciation of currency may result in unlawful import of goods within the country. Such unlawful import and export may creat unlawful parallel economy within the country, which will be completely out of the control of the government. Devaluation is always supported by special incentive package to reduce the internally produced items for export. By critically analyzing all the above referred factors, it is proposed that the following necessary action should be taken to improve the situation: Tax Network should be enhanced by a) levying tax on agriculture, b) improving collection procedure, c) bringing small businessmen under tax nutshell etc. Imports should be discouraged by encouraging locally produced quality goods. Export of value added items should be increased instead of increase of low value exports to compete with the other developing countries. Needless to say that government should reduce drastically its own expenditure. It is vital for government to build up its creditability through investing money in public projects very honestly. The proceed from privatization of public sectors should be utilized to pay off our external as well as internal debts. Rescheduling of the debt should also be requested from the lenders. In case of our low priced items in the international market, we should prove that the reason of our low price quality items is not government support but cost efficiency. This can be done only with the help of very competent professional people i.e management accounts, engineers and managers. With the current devaluation, it is vital that necessary incentives must be given to industry and fixed income group for their survival and to reap the benefit of devaluation. The government should build capacity to deal with economics problems on both macro and micro level. It is generally believed that the government does not possess necessary capabilities, out of elected representative and bureaucrats to deal with it. That is why most of our key position holder is either current of Ex World Bank/IMF officials. It is also suggested that major businessmen and industrialist should be taken into confidence before any major decision. Effectiveness of price control committees very necessary. In countries like Pakistan where every individual has the power to determine the price of his own product, inflation is automatically multiplied Conclusions Clearly, devaluation has not been the answer. It has rather contributed to a further increase in the trade gap. The important consequences of devaluation are the burden it is putting on the repayment of the foreign debts. The ensuing depletion of reserves has such a negative effect that the positive impact, if any, is more than wiped out by the increased foreign exchange burden. Reviewing the policy of devaluation by successive governments in the last 50 years, one finds that devaluation has miserably failed to resolve any problems or improve the macro or micro economic conditions in the country. Rather, devaluation has been counterproductive. In the existing scenario of the forces of demand and supply, the rupee is expected to continue with its downward trend. If the counter measures through cost cutting and efficiency management are not taken to check the inflation, which is already running in double digit, the advantages of devaluation will be offset as in the past, leaving adverse impacts as our economy which mainly depends on imported raw-materials, fuels and capital goods. That will certainly bring more hardships for common Pakistani people because our industry has substantial imported inputs in a wide range of locally produced goods and will also retard the process of industrialization in the country. Similarly defense budget and debt servicing will c ost more due to costlier dollar. Our main problem is still uncontrolled i.e. the rise in non-development expenditures, which has given rise to the culture of living beyond means. This can be countered by adoption of practical harsh measures by the government especially at the top level to set the example for the whole nation.

Diffusion of Technology in Society Essay -- essays research papers

Successful and Inappropriate Diffusion In Thermador The Thermadorian society had been isolated from the world for hundreds of years. The successful diffusion of farming technology failed for a number of reasons. Based on our information, there were several components missing. Components such as no research or plans to sustain a long-term solution to the problem. The United Nations presented modern farming technology not taking into consideration the educational level of the society in a modern world. Technology changes society, however it is gradual and consistent. It could be assumed that the Thermadorians had no concept of the change and had no understanding of the role of the technology provided. The United Nations provided the Thermadorians with tractors and other heavy vehicles to assist the farmers in the planting of the seeds and harvesting crops. It appears the United Nations did not research or even attempt to understand the Thermadorian culture, customs, or addressing their economy or governmental structure. There is no information on the social status and who had control of the land. Did the would-be farmers have standing in their societal structure? Were they poor/rich? Small farms as opposed to large? Nothing is noted so assuming they are simple people with little education and no experience relating to the farming technology provided. No representative living amongst the Thermadorians. Without taking into consideration thei...

Berawan death practices

Death is not only a physical process, but a social and spiritual paradigm infused by a culture's specific ‘beliefs, emotions and activities which give it its distinctive character' (Hertz 1907, p. 197). Facing another culture's beliefs around death can be confronting, often creating ethnocentric reactions and cultural misconceptions. Comparing American and Aberrant death practices highlights how these rites, and the spiritual beliefs underlying them, can appear horrifying when viewed only from the observer's own cultural paradigm.Anthropologist Peter A. Metcalf observed the practices of the Aberrant tribe, found along Borer's north-central waterways, including the tribe's four-stage funeral rites (Metcalf 1993, p. 325). The first stage lasts two to ten days and includes ‘rites performed immediately after death' (Metcalf 1993, p. 325). The second stage, eight months to several years In duration (Metcalf 1993, p. 325), sees the corpse stored on a platform or in the communal residence with the remains contained in a coffin, earthenware Jar or similar vessel (Metcalf 1993, p. 5). During this period the corpse decomposes, allowing the soul's transformation to ‘perfect spirit' (Metcalf 1993, p. 326). However during this period the soul lurks close by, restless and uneasy, spreading the risk of Illness to the living and the possibility of corpse reanimation by an evil spirit (Metcalf 1993, p. 326). During the third stage, which Hertz referred to as the great feast' (Metcalf 1993, p. 326), the remains are brought into the residence and guests celebrate the deceased for six to ten days (Metcalf 1993, p. 325).The bones ay be removed and cleaned in preparation for the fourth stage – the decease's final burial wherein the physical remains are housed in a receptacle of value, such as a glazed Jar or wooden coffin, with that receptacle accommodated in a large mausoleum; safe in the knowledge the soul had transcended (Metcalf 1993, p. 325). American f uneral practices, by contrast, alma to preserve the body appearance (Hertz 1907, p. 201); embalming fluids replace bodily fluids, Injections fatten gaunt corpses, cosmetics enhance skin color, padded coffins give Impressions of a peaceful, endless slumber (Metcalf 1 993, p. 27). The American death,'afterlife transition is perceived as immediate, with little time between death and spiritual judgment (Hertz 1907, p. 197). In contrast, the Brawn's soul must await the body decomposition – and transformation – before beginning its journey to the afterlife (Hertz 1907, p. 202). Only when dry bones remain, is the soul ready (Metcalf 1993, p. 326). American practices offer horrifying outcomes for the Aberrant exemplar.For a body not given appropriate time for full decomposition and a premature final burial, ‘death ill not be fully consummated, the soul will not leave the earth, the mourning of the living will not be ended' (Hertz 1907, p. 204). The American rites suspend the deceased In a limbo between life and death – the period the soul Is most discontent, still with great capacity to affect the living through illness. During this time potential America is a land carpeted with potential zombies', all awaiting reanimation via the evil spirits that exist in Aberrant culture (Metcalf 1993, p. 26). With such a spiritual intent it can be understood why Aberrant are horrified by their belief the American culture traps a soul at the point of greatest unhappiness, dooming them to restlessly wander eternally; the dead never finding peace and the living never progressing past grief and mourning. The Aberrant-American comparison demonstrates that to fully comprehend a culture's significant, spiritual customs one must first seek to understand the social, spiritual and cultural paradigms surrounding those customs.

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example The Bloody Chamber Paper The Bloody Chamber Paper by committing whatever act he wants, in this case for her to be his love. However, it could be argued that she puts herself in the situation to become a victim of male authority, through her previous behaviour of devouring young innocent men. Stoker portrays women in the gothic genre as victims of male authority, this is similar to Carter in, The Bloody chamber, but differs in the way that they portray this image. The tale is told in sections written by different characters: Jonathan’s and Mina’s journals, Lucy’s diary, Steward’s diary, a record by van Helsing. The cumulative method would once again seem to add up to the truth revealed. The very vagueness of the significance of the vampire prevents a final, neat conclusion about the novel. ’ [xviii] Whereas The Bloody Chamber is told in short stories, the purpose of doing this is to enhance the point of Carter; the message is portrayed through different women and their different situations rather than just one long story like Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Dracula expresses how it is the men who make the women within the Victorian era victims because of their behaviour and attitudes. The vampire figure has the haunting quality of nightmare and its association with sexuality is an important indication of the direction the exploration of psychological evil was taking. Mac Andrew argues that ‘The association of evil with sexuality probably reflects a gradually increasing awareness of the importance of sexuality in man’s nature. [xix] Again corresponding with the statement that, women within the Victorian era are made victims of male authority, Mina Murray is portrayed as the embodiment of the virtue of her age ‘one of God’s women, fashioned by his own hand to show us men and other women that there is a heaven where we can enter, and that it’s light can be here on earth’[xx], this differs with Mac Andrew’s argument by suggesting that it is the women within the Victorian era who make themselves victims, for example Mina is described by the men within Dracula as ‘So true, so sweet, so noble’ [xxi] Again giving the suggestion that it is not just the men who make the women victims within the gothic genre, but it’s the women who make themselves victims through their natural behaviour and attitudes for example innocence. Yet it is the male authority which takes advantage of this and therefore ultimately makes the women within the gothic genre victims. ‘Mina Mur ray is also shown as a model of domestic propriety while her sexuality remains enigmatic throughout the whole of Dracula’[xxii]. The fact that Mina never gives a voice to anything resembling a sexual desire or impulse means that she continues to retain her purity, a social aspect requires of all women in the Victorian era. Mina is portrayed as a successful wife and mother, yet all successes are always in the service of men, this is another way that she is portrayed in the gothic genre as victims of men. Lucy is opposite to Mina in many ways; she is a paragon of innocence and virtue but remains sexualised throughout the story ‘Lucy looks pale and haggard. Mina attributes this to Lucy fretting about something’[xxiii] this is portrayed as fragile women showing that she is weaker than Dracula. This method is shown continually throughout Dracula, it makes the women look more like victims, this contrasts to The Bloody Chamber where carters makes the women look strong ‘you never saw such a wild thing as my mother’[xxiv] Un-dead Lucy is expressed as a wanton creature of ravenous sexual appetite, which is against the acceptable behaviour of women within the Victorian era. Lucy stands as a dangerous threat to men and their tenuous self-control, yet when she is killed by the men, the purity on her face ensures the men that the world and its women are exactly as they should be. In Victorian England, women’s sexual behaviour was dictated by society’s extremely rigid expectations. This is shown within Dracula and My last Duchess as the women are made victims of male authority through the limitations which are placed upon them. There were only two options for women, they were both a mother and wife or they were a virgin, a model of purity and innocence. If women were not either then they were considered a whore and thus no consequence to society, the impending battle between good and evil within Dracula would hinge upon the female sexuality’[xxv]. Dracula makes the women victims of himself and other men within society, by threatening to turn the two women into their opposites, into women notes for their voluptuousness unapologetically open for sexual desire. ‘Gothic fiction is preoccupied with sexual assault. With the vampire it no longer deals only with sexual innocence in the victim and evil in this victimizer’[xxvi] this brings up the question of sexuality itself the innocent become the victims their own sexuality. In Stoker’s novel the forces of science and religion combine to destroy the innocent thus awakened- Lucy dies as Dracula drains life from her[xxvii]. ’ Whereas in The Bloody Chamber it is the mythical and supernatural beliefs, that make the women ultimately victims of male authority within the gothic genre; through fear of the unknown. In Stokers Dracula, when Lucy becomes a threat by transforming into a vampire vixen, Van Helsing and the other men see no other option but to destroy her , in order to return her to a purer, more socially acceptable state, this differs to carter’s bloody chamber as the women do not have expectations upon them but fight against these traditions. The men within the Victorian era are intensely invested in the sexual behaviour of women because they are afraid to associate with the socially scorned ‘your girls that you all love are mine already, and through them you and other shall yet be mine’[xxviii] voices of male fantasy have made women victims since Adam and Eve. The vampire figure has the haunting quality of nightmare and its association with sexuality. Both Dracula and The Bloody Chamber have significant gothic elements, they both discuss issues which could be dismissed as untrue, such as the fairytale structure in The Bloody Chamber and the superstitious beliefs of the peasants in Dracula. These elements contribute into making women victims of the male authority within the gothic genre, through male fantasies and the authority in which they control women. My last Duchess, by Robert Browning also, portrays women and victims within the gothic genre. My Last Duchess is about a portrait of the duke’s late wife, she is shown as a mere object that existed only to please him and to do his bidding ‘That piece a wonder, now’[xxix] he refers not only to the painting but also the wife as she was in life, a mere object, he now regards his wife as a wonder in the painting but was something less when she was alive. The Duke loves the portrait because it only reveals her beauty ‘ pictured countenance’ and none of the qualities that annoyed him. He now has complete control of the portrait and uses it as a pretty object that he can show the visitors. The Duchess is a victim of male fantasy, he only want her to look nice and did not want her around when he was alive. The Duchess’ general fault in the duke’s eyes was that her heart was ‘too soon made glad’[xxx]. She related easily to that which was around her such as the creatures, fruits and beauties of nature as well as to people of all ranks. Women are victim of male authority particularly here, a woman who loves everything around her and seems to complain of nothing, is a pain to her husband; the duchess is punished for simply being herself. This links to The Bloody Chamber and Dracula, as it is suggested that the women makes themselves victims because of their behaviour, and natural traits, rather than by male authority. The Duke suggests that the Duchess enjoyed the company of other men and implied that she was unfaithful but this is uncertain. The Duchess died in a suspicious death, possibly poisoned on ‘April 21st 1561 at the age of seventeen’[xxxi], although it is not clear what the duke did to his wife. The painter’s fate is also left obscure through ‘all smiles stopped together’ [xxxii] suggesting a common fate of the pair. Once again showing women in the gothic genre as victims of male fantasises. The technique of the writing of the poem means that it offers anyone reading it out-load a range of possible emphases and hence an interpretation of the Duke’s character. The poem itself is written in pentameters, arranged in couplets. One reads individual lines to oneself out loud; rhyme in couplets imposes a stately place appropriate to the duke’s dignity’[xxxiii] By writing in Pentameters it means that the rhyme of the poem is at a spread suitable for it to be read as a poem, for example ‘the curtain I have drawn for you, but I’[xxxiv] this is a grammatical error, the pronoun should be me and nor I, but I rhymes with By on the previous line, meaning It flows better. The use of alliterations also used within the poem also adds to the effect of the poem, it helps to exaggerate a particular point ‘The dropping of the daylight in the west’[xxxv] The man he addresses, in My Last Duchess, is the emissary of a certain count whose daughter to duke now wishes to marry. In return for his ‘nine-hundred-years-old name’ the duke confidently expects a large dowry. But the man he addresses is warned that the counts ‘fair daughter’[xxxvi] has better understand that she must submit completely to the duke’s will, again showing how women are victims of male authority and male fantasises to have pretty, young attractive women in their company. This would have seemed quite typical to readers in Britain c, 1850. ‘The marriage market persisted in the upper levels of society. Conventionally a suitable gentlemen- an old name was a great help’ took another gentlemen’s daughter off his hands in return for dowry in cash, kind or both. ’[xxxvii] The husband would then have full control of the wife’s income as well as her person, divorce was extremely rare and always scandalous, so that husbands might, and a lot of the time did, resorted to various cruel ways of punishing unsatisfactory partners. The Duke takes an extreme patriarchal and possessive view of women common enough in Victorian Britain, again showing the women as victims within a male society. This is similar to Dracula through the expectations of women, and how the behaviour of men towards women has not altered, but perhaps worsened within the Victorian era. Therefore, it could be argued that the women are made victims of male authority, in the gothic genre, because of the harshness endured by them due to the will of the men, such as the murder of vampire Lucy by the local men. Whereas it also could be argued that it is the women themselves who make them victims of male authority because of their natural traits such as innocence and naivety, as well as the blood of childbirth and menstruation which makes them look weak.

Dawn by Elie Wiesel essays

Dawn by Elie Wiesel essays The book I read for my book review was Dawn, bye Elie Wiesel. This story represents the post WWII struggle of the Israeli freedom fighters one young man in particular, who has found himself on the other side of the gun. Wiesel himself severed his time in the death camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald during the War, and had previously written Night, the memoirs of his experiences. The purpose of this book, in my mind, was to express the inner most thoughts and the anguish of Elisha. Elisha is 18 years old. He was recruited by a gentleman named Gad, who turned him into a fighter. He has killed before for their cause, but only in groups never alone. ... Our bullets were a flaming wall on which their lives were shattered... My five comrades and I set out to either kill or to be killed. Pg28. But now, Elisha wasnt in a group. He had been ordered to execute an English officer, John Dawson, as to compensate for the British capturing David ben Moshe, one of their own. In tradition, executions always took place at dawn in their culture; usually around 5AM. Elisha has less than twelve hours before he will be labeled as a murderer for the rest of his life. Hes having a difficult time coming to the reality that he is going to have to kill a man on his own. I should forget this night. But the dead never forget... In their eyes I should be forever branded a killer. Pg69. Of course, then again, if anyone were put into that position having to kill a man, who has done nothing wrong except be born of English blood I think they would be having some serious issues with themselves as well. In the Jewish tradition, there is a lot of focus on and towards nighttime. Night is a very important in that Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming. At night everything is more intense, more true. The echo of words that have been spoken during the day ta...

Team building within a generational diverse team Research Paper

Team building within a generational diverse team - Research Paper Example It follows that this essay examines generational characteristics in terms of their articulation within the workplace environment, specifically considering the ways that a generationally diverse team can be accomplished. Generational Gap in Today’s Workforce There are a number of pros and cons in regards to the generational gap in today’s workforce. One of the most beneficial aspects of generational diversity in the workforce is the ability for individuals within this frame of context to engage in collaborative activities that mesh a variety of world perspectives and experiences together in a way that produces higher levels of company results. Conversely, the values that underline the generational differences can oftentimes result in conflicts of opinion or perception that hinder company progress and can derail workplace cooperation. Another factor that is a problem in regards to generational diversity in the workplace is the consideration of the workplace hierarchy in r egards to generational factors. ... Boomer generation’s retirement approaching they place increased emphasis on the importance of benefits; when this emphasis is compared with that of the Generation Xers who are more predominantly concerned with subsistence and building wealth than enhancing retirement portfolios. Team Building In considering the ways that team building can be accomplished within the workforce one of the most central questions is understanding the characteristics that define each generation and then analyzing how they can be intermingled and implemented in as productive a means possible. In these regards, it’s the values that underline the generations that are the most important factors to consider when building a generationally diverse team. It was earlier noted that one of the challenges facing the overarching corporate benefit structure in terms of generational diversity was attuning conflicting desires in term of compensation needs. For instance, in order to build a more functional te am environment, the business or corporate structure must development retirement and compensation packages that take into consideration the competing values of the generations in the work environment. In properly melding these competing desires into a package that appeals to both generations, factors related to motivation can be harnessed as a means of bringing employees together under a shared goal. In these regards, Notter (2009) writes that, â€Å"Knowing in advance how each generation can be triggered, either positively or negatively, can help organizations develop balanced policies and can help individual managers and employees structure their work interactions in ways that benefit all types of people.† Here Notter raises the interesting point that team building with generational diversity is not

Case study for subjest ( Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice ) Essay

Case study for subjest ( Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice ) - Essay Example e criminal justice setting are faced with several dilemmas when it comes to implementing disciplinary actions that would foster a positive change among subordinates. This paper seeks to analyze one of a typical leadership dilemma in the criminal justice setting. I am Gary Hart, a leader of a small team of correctional officers at the Undon Correctional Facility. It has come to my attention that one of my team members and subordinates has been engaging in poor work practices. By poor working practice, I mean the team member is reported to be involved in unexplained absenteeism, sleeping on night shift, not making mandatory security checks and so on. Presently, I have undertaken a performance review meeting to outline the work performance concerns with the officer and develop an action plan to improve performance. The performance review meeting involves the team member in question. I am quite nervous of the meeting and issues to be raised by the team member is going to be because based on previous performance review meetings that I have had with the team member, it is likely that the team member will be very defensive about his work performance and will seek to blame management for this behaviour. My real dilemma therefore has to do with choo sing one leadership theory and design ways of making this leadership theory in the wake of the current leadership dilemma. The criminal justice setting is an important agency of our national development (Abion, 2001). Exceptionally important is the role played by the various correctional facilities. The Centre for Mindfulness and Justice (2011) notes that â€Å"the role of correctional employees is to provide safety for community residents, inmates and employees residing in and working in correctional facilities.† This makes the correctional facility a transformation centre where people are expected to leave with a lot of change of behaviour and character. People are expected to leave the correctional facilities, becoming

The Supply Chain Management at Durham International Manufacturing Research Paper

The Supply Chain Management at Durham International Manufacturing Company (Dimco) - Research Paper Example A successful integration effort requires collective effort between suppliers and distribution. Teaming up will facilitate immense relationship among them. The effort starts with the two parties teaming up on sharing information related to the activities that they do. This will enhance communication between the two since they will have the chance to explore more on the development of new products, and developing extraordinary systems that will facilitate production. Good relationship based on communication will facilitate stream of information continually to work on a successful integrated supply chain. Ways that Dimco Could Benefit from Leveraging B2B E-commerce B2B e-commerce is the electronic swap of business documents among businesses for the principle of conducting business. B2B information switch is a system-to-system swap of data with little or no physical involvement. Dimco can benefit from leveraging B2B e-commerce through various ways. An effective e-commerce solution will e nable Dimco to grow and scale easily to meet market demand and customer requirements by opening new sales channels and constantly reaching new market segment. A B2B e-commerce site will improve Dimco’s sales teams’ visibility into customer orders, and pricing.... B2B e-commerce enables exceptional customer service. E-commerce provides an exceptional opportunity for the B2B organization to improve its customer service initiatives. E-commerce sites can offer access to self-serve account and order information after a customer completes the secure login process. Through integration with an organization’s enterprise resource planning, an e-commerce site can display only the products, services and pricing based on client log in qualifications (Sinha, 2009). Steps Dimco Could Take to Improve its Relationship with Suppliers For Dimco to improve its relationship with suppliers, a variety of steps have to be followed. This will enable good relationship between Dimco and suppliers. Acknowledging past mistakes that were made between Dimco and suppliers and decide whether the relationship is worth saving then hunt for an open and honest communication with the supplier. This will enable Dimco and suppliers to connect and discover more concerning the errors and remedies to prevent future mistakes. Identifying the cause of the mistake is the second step Dimco will take. This will enable Dimco and supplies to find out the real cause of the mistakes that were made in the earlier period. This will allow them to know if there were warning signs before the mistake happened. Ineffectiveness to the origin of a crisis, only the sign will be resolved, and another one that is more destructive to the relationship will unavoidably appear. Dimco will then spot and apply corrective actions to the past mistakes made. These actions can include technical changes, changes in security stocks, increased communication, and changes in personnel. Dimco will finally monitor and maintain the relationship with the suppliers. This will be effective