Strateg.management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strateg.management - Essay ExampleWhile in the first two waves, which gave birth to many of the quondam(a) economy convergences, the innovation led to tangible goods that could be take accountd as could the enterprises that produced them. The third wave of IT revolution, however, the growth was an intangible commodity - knowledge - that could be shared within and across organizations beyond boundaries. While the dominance of the growth of these IT companies was deemed to be tremendous, as was evident from the early signals of growth demonstrated by these companies, the stock marts in the USA and Europe reacted far more dramatically between 1990 and 2001. Since most of the owners of the new economy companies were youth and first-generation entrepreneurs, there was no way to value the companies on the basis of their net worth. Most of these companies spent enormous amounts of capital, often funded by venture capital, on the hope of a good deal faster growth of future earnings, which were inherently uncertain. As a result, there was a large dose of speculative investments in the stock markets, much of it from the household sector, and the speculative bubble crashed in 2001. In this paper, I will discuss the various aspects in which the valuation of the new economy companies were distinguishable from that of the old economy companies by the capital market, demonstrating a triple approach in its valuation process.Intangible inputs and productsAs Al Gore, Vice President of the United States state at the Microsoft Summit in 1997, In the Old Economy, the value of a company was mostly in its hard assets - its buildings, machines and physical equipment. In the New Economy, the value of a company derives more from its intangibles - its human capital, mind capital, brain occasion and heart. In a market economy, its no surprise that markets themselves have begun to recognize the potent power of intangibles. Its one reason that net asset values of companies are so often well below their market capitalization (quoted in Bond & Cummins, 2000). The above quote reflects the buoyant mood that policymakers saw the extend in the New Economy in late 1990s. The New Economy was expected to herald in a new growth trajectory on the basis of intangible assets of the company while the product as well was intangible. Hence, the stock markets valued the New Economy in a grossly different manner than it did the Old Economy. While the capital markets valued the Old Economy on the basis of the stand-in cost of capital, as was the basis of the Tobins Q model, the New Economy was valued on the basis of the intangible assets wish well human and intellectual capital (Bond & Cummins, 2000).Valuation and Replacement cost of capitalIn theory, the stock market is considered an efficient one when the stock prices reflect the fundamentals of the company accurately. That is, for an efficient stock market, the market value of a company is exactly equal to its fundament al value, defined as the expected present can value of future payments to the shareholders (Bond & Cummins, 2000). From this, derives the Tobins Q ratio, that is market valuation to the replacement cost of capital, the latter discounting market power and change costs, which should be 1 for an efficient market. For an

Bio-remediation of Oil Spills using Microbes Essay

Bio-remediation of Oil Spills victimization Microbes - Essay Example apart(predicate) from the above, people illegally may dump the pollutants such as the crude oil into the sea. Moreover, terrorists may similarly cause the oil spills just to destroy the countrys resources. The major victims of the oil spills occurring in the sea would be the aquatic animals and other marine living organisms which include plants under the sea. Thus, cleaning up and find from the oil spill are a major tasks and it is mainly based on the factors such as the nature of the oil that is beingness spilled, the quantity or the amount and the nature of the domain of a function being affected. in that respect are different methods for cleaning up the oil spills which ensemble chemical treatment and Bioremediation. Bioremediation is the process of using the microorganisms to break down and remove the pollutants. Bioremediation usually involves the use of biologic agents to detoxify a contaminated milieu (Thangarajan et al., 2011). Thus, the hurtful wastes of the oil spill can be effectively treated using microorganisms isolated and selected from the oil-contaminated environments to bio cast down the hydrocarbons in oil spill are a very promising technique for treatment of oil spills. This story will feature the function of certain species of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and their constituent in Bio-remediation. Biodegradation by natural population of microorganisms can be considered as one of the primary tool by which the oil spills which are rich in petroleum hydrocarbons can be eradicated from the environment. The major supremacy of the oil spills bioremediation mainly depends on the nature of the hydrocarbons and ones ability to maintain and establish the conditions that favors the developing of the microorganisms in the particular contaminated environment. Therefore, the physical and the chemical characteristic of the oil and the oil spil l area are the vital determinants in the bioremediation process. Thus, bioremediation encompasses the accelerated biodegradation in a natural way. Bioremediation techniques can be carried place in two different ways namely the in-situ or ex-situ methods. In in-situ processes, the biological remediation is conducted at the contaminated site, whereas in ex-situ processes, the contaminated medium is extracted and processed off-site purification facilities. (Rezende et al, n.d). Thus, bioremediation involves the processes of biostimulation and bioaugmentation. The Phenomenon of biostimulation comprises of concomitant of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous and thereby enhancing the growth of the microorganisms through adjusting the environmental conditions such as the temperature, moisture and aeration etc. Thus, most of the bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Cornybacterium are able to degrade the contaminants effectively under favorable environmental conditions and enriched nutrient supply. (Salami & Elum, 2008). On the other hand, the other phenomenon known as the bioaugmentaion where the microorganisms are able to degrade the specific oil spill contaminants namely the hydrocarbons are also being implemented. Therefore, bioremediation can be clearly understood as the phenomenon that exploits the microbial diversity and their metabolic versatility to convert noxious chemical oil spill contami

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Report - Essay ExampleA couple of mails recently received from the customers read that they are highly unsatisfied with our contact services. Some of them have complained in in truth harsh words that their calls were not picked. The problem is reported to have persisted 24 instants and they were never replied. Due to the fail of the helpline, many customers have incurred exaggerated telephone bills. Some of them have even personally visited the office and complained astir(predicate) the same quite rudely. This has upset the whole administration.big screen energetics and many have related it to the anomalous purpose of the sets. One of the customers has mentioned that all purchasers of this particular model have found same deficiency in the performance of this mobile. He wants the company to return his money in place of the mobile.prolonged use of mobiles that has subject their ears to microwave radiations. Customers who have experienced headache after prolonged usage of the mo biles asked for modification in the design of the mobiles that would reduce ears exposure to microwave radiations.maintain the companys reputation. Instant replacement of helpline with an efficient administration is advised. Customers have strongly recommended that the company should seriously think over the development of a 24 hour live chat system in which customers can address their issues without having to make expensive calls to the administration.design of the mobile does not allow the use of suitable battery. It is strongly recommended to reconsider the design of the mobile to eliminate this issue. The film director is advised to forward his immediate response to the customers queries about the mobile return and requital, since the mobiles were initially issued without a payback guarantee.The above mentioned issues have had considerable adverse effects on the affection of the customers with our

Business Resource and Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

communication channel Resource and Managment - Essay ExampleThe analysis overwhelms all the traditional and contemporary theories of motivation and leadership which includes the Maslows hierarchy and Goal Setting theory etc. this section considers all the variables dependent and independent and see their squeeze on the performance of the organization. The give-and-take further discusses the change process and the process of negotiation and conflict. The book alike covers the entire topic of communication its types, the channels of communication etc.The next section of the report is organisational analysis where taking the concepts mentioned in the previous section the analysis of Dutch Organization Shell is done. around real life examples of Shell are also discussed so as to get a interoperable aspect of what happens in the real world.This report is about the practical implementation of the concepts of organizational style. The organization that is interpreted for the purpos e of analysis is Shell Global. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies and their aim is to couple the energy requirements in ways that are economical and environment friendly.The reason that Shell Global is chosen for the purpose of analysis is that the company values their employees considering them a huge asset for the organization. They respect the human rights and strive to provide them with safe and comfortable persisting conditions. They take steps so as to promote the talents of their employees and provide them proper channels to report their concerns. Academic LiteratureThe book selected for the purpose of analysis and lit review is Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition, Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge. This book briefly explains all the theories that are use to a work place (Robbins & Judge, 2004). The book starts with the disciplines that are contributing to organizational behavior. These include psychology, social psychology, sociology a nd anthropology. These disciplines collapse different theories like motivational theories, leadership theories, behavioral change, comparative values, organizational culture and organizational environment. The book proceeds with the challenges of organizational behavior which includes increase in globalization and improvement of quality and production and managing the work stress in the environment. The dependent variables in an organization include productivity, absenteeism and turnover however the individual direct variables include perception, motivation and individual learning. These all variables make the organizational behavior model. The foundation of individual behavior includes the ability of the individual which include the intellectual abilities and the physical abilities of the individual. The next strike step is to identify the key biographical characteristics of the individual which includes the age, gender, race and tenure. The individual behavior also includes the learning capabilities of the people the learning theories include the classical learning theory, operant conditioning and social learning. In order to motivate the employees a combination of these theories are employed. The main components of the attitude of an individual include the cognitive break which is the evaluation part, the affective part which is

Law ass5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law ass5 - Essay ExampleThe decedents relatives be now suing the Inn. Your govern manager asks you to put an end to such problems, and warns you that another incident like this could cost you your job. While you are certainly sympathetic to the plight of the homeless, you also want to keep your job. You feel that installing barbed-wire at the stature of the fence would be inhumane and would also scare your guests. In stead, you opt to turn to a diminished company that manufactures electric fences for cattle. The solution they recommend is to run a hot wire at the slip by of the fence. The wire would deliver a mild, normally non-lethal, electric shock to a would be trespasser. A week later you install the wire. Two days later, another inebriated homeless man, who has a pacemaker, climbs the fence. He dies presently as a result of the mild electric shock. His family sues the Inn.1. Ignoring any municipal codes and statutes that may exist, based on the information you restrain r eviewed in Katko v. Briney, the Coase theorem with respect to negligence, and your own common sense, what are the policy arguments for and against tort liability in this case? The case brings into perspective the eagerness of litigants to sue for damages even when they are on the wrong. The wire mesh erected around the swimming pool differs greatly from the ambuscade in Katko v. Briney. This is because while the trap in the former was hidden and caused damage to an unsuspecting trespasser, a wire mesh is clearly panoptic and when one climbs it, they do so at their own risk. The finale occurred due to the mans poisoning and not negligence on the side of the hotel. If the man had not been inebriated he would certainly have survived. As such, his death is as a result of his own cause and should not be fault on anyone else.The mild shock could not also under normal circumstance have caused death to the homeless man. His inebriated must have largely contributed

Employers nd Collective Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employers nd Collective Bargaining - analyse ExampleTh Europen ocial charter, convention for baic regenerate nd freedom nd th number of engage of convention from International 87,98 nd 151 nd 154 are mot importnt. Th traditional model of th ocial relation of universal ervice however wa prone to deep chnge during th lat decade. Th inclining wa toward th incarnate bargain, put in parallel by decentralization by find out th term nd general term of employment, of a legal framework reembling that of th closed-door ector nd th identification of th right of trade union nd th right to trike (Bach, 1999,21)n importnt matter in ocial relation of creation ervice wa th point to which th incorporated bargain i centralized or decentralized. Th general tendency i the lat year toward decentralization. n importnt argument in favour of decentralization i that it leave more flexibleness thn th ytem centralized in term of profeional ituation, regional nd local pecific of job market. (Boaert, 2 001,22) while thi cn increae th effectivene nd th effectivene in public ervice, it cn alo lead to fragmentation (Dell Arringa, 2001 Farnham nd Horton, 2000). In practice, th joint bargain in public ervice neithr i completely centralized nor i completely decentralized in ny Member State within th EU. Centralization nd decentralization often go hnd in hnd. Th centralized apect often refer to a certain form of central order, uch a entrap of budget impoed by th Britih treaure. In th countrie with ytem of public office of career, thre i a spirit level more raied of centralization thn in th countrie without uch ytem. However, in th majority of th countrie, of th combining of th centralized nd decentralized negotiation are found.Within th EU, three separate of country cn be ditinguihed. Th firt group contain countrie where th collective bargain i chiefly centralized nd decentralization i limited. Th econd group contain countrie with th decentralized collective bargain. nd th third gro up contain partially centralized/decentralized collective bargain, save where th mot importnt negotiation take place with ectoral or at th regional level. (Boaert, 2001,22)Centralied collective bargainingIn Frnce, one centrally conclude Germny, Greece, Autria nd Portugal, pay rie for th whole public ervice. In Spain, although not truth for th civil ervnt, remuneration of th contractual employee i negotiated by each minitry or department within central adminitration. nd with RU, th profit for th public employee are mainly centrally given in th National ervice of Health (NHS) nd th local government.In Frnce, th ytem ued to determine th baic alary of th civil ervnt i th ame one for five million civil ervnt. In th French ytem, each poition in a category equalize a certain number of point on th advocator of wage (indicial of grill of). Th baic nnual alary of a civil ervnt cn be calculated by multiplying th index of th category of th civil ervnt with th money value of a point of index. Th negotiation of wage relate to primarily negotiation in increae in money value of th point, implying a general pay rie. (Dell Arringa, 2001,87)In Germny, th determination of wage for th civil ervnt alo i very centralized. Th Federal law

Pick five of your favorite fallacies. Find advertisements, short news Essay

Pick five of your favourite(a) fallacies. Find advertisements, short news stories, political inclinations, etc ( non all of the same - Essay ExampleOne great ara such logical fallacies occur is in arguments surrounding gay spousal relationship. Increasingly gay marriage has assumed a outstanding place in the lexicon of American civil rights challenges. Significant objections cede been raised(a) to gay marriage by conservative groups who wish to, as they indicate, preserve the sanctity of marriage. In populace these groups implement a variety of fallacious arguments. One prominent argument is that, Marriage, the defenders contend, cannot possibly be toughened as a fundamental right open to gays and lesbians be set out such a right must have a foundation in American history, legal traditions, and practices (Denniston). The above argument clearly implements the appeal to traditional fallacy. The appeal to tradition fallacy argues that since for a long period of time something has been one way, in the approaching it go out continue to be that way. As the argument is that gay marriage should continue to be hot because it was historically prohibited America, it is implementing an appeal to tradition. It seems that rather than truly believing this argument, the aim of people making the argument is to support their position on gay marriage by bringing peoples perplexity to such precedent. ... For instance, a recent story about the upcoming National Football unite drawing off utilize the fallacy of confusing cause and effect. Essentially, this fallacy operates by examining the relations between occurrences, and then mistakenly arguing for a linkage between cause and effect. In terms the National Football League draft one article has specu slowd that the Kansas City Chiefs should picking a quarterback Geno Smith with the first pick (Kardar). While quarterbacks are frequently chosen with this pick, Geno Smith can arguably be said to not be worth the p ick and that instead the franchise should go with a different position. The article is implementing cause and effect because it has considered that since many rookie quarterbacks were successful this year in the National Football League, they will inevitably be good next year. Rather, it is highly possible that the quarterbacks that were successful this year were so because they were all exceptionally talented and their success will not influence the success of future quarterbacks. Ultimately, it appears that the writers intention was out of a genuine belief that the National Football League has changed considerably, such that rookie quarterbacks are now able to succeed in ways they previously were not able to. Another prominent area of investigation in contemporary society is drug use. With the advent of designer drugs in the late 20th century, an increasing division emerged between casual drugs and those that were considered exceptionally dangerous. Because of this division many politicians and anti-drug activists have implemented the logical fallacy of the slippery slope. The slippery slope argument considers that if one thing is allowed then it will

Post-Implementation Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Post-Implementation Issues - Essay ExampleCAVIES would streamline and mix in the vet practice details of all the ten branches so clients ask could be addressed by any of the branch, in the case of emergencies. VOLES on the other hand, would facilitate check on the inventory of the veterinary products in the various branches and would ensure maintenance of adequate supply by ordering products which are in short supply. It would also keep track of the controlled drugs with details like their usage by the bulk and for the people etc.Implementation plan would not comprise of details and integration of modules like financial direction or any other management information, though efforts to link the CAVIES and VOLES to MICE system would be facilitated.Phase cardinal parallel running of two system where clients appointment for their pets and record maintenance of CAVIES and bargain order module of VOLE system would be taken up. Tentative sequenceframe would be 2 months. get changeove r to new system is not advisable mainly because of following reasons new system needs to be tested for inconsistencies and reconciliation of converted data the end users i.e the provide and veterinary surgeons and nurses need time to become proficient in the use of new system2.3. Data migration This step would primarily ask steps as identification of data from the existing paper records and existing information system code of data which would be carried out by the people of HCL in the presence of CVGL staff and data immersion and conversion of data from the existing information system in the main server at the headquarters. access of data can either be carried out by the ISS staff or given to outside agency on contract.2.4. Training Initially 1 week training of trainers, taken from existing staff of ISS and other departments, would be carried out in the following areas

Implementation, Strategic Controls and Contingency Plans Essay

Implementation, Strategic Controls and Contingency Plans - Essay ensampleAs a result, the troupes management aim at enhancing the companys portfolio as posts make it dominant in the real estates and other investment moneys made in United States of America and around the land (Wolff Urban Development LLC n.d ). In addition, the management intends to formulate strategies by branding the companys anatomy resulting to positioning of the company in the global market. More than that, the Human Resources of Wolff Urban Development, LLC plays a decisive lineament in the get upment of investments closes and managing the companys human resource thus, it makes it easier for them to have knowledge on what the company wants. Given that, World Urban Development, LLC has been in business from 1968, it is crucial to carry out a encompassing analysis of the processes that will make the company be vibrant in the global market. More significantly, it is inwrought to establish solutions based on the challenges that the company faces both internally and externally while undertake investments decisions whether by acquisition or construction. More considerably, Wolff Urban Development LLC sets plans that are intended to benefit the company in achieving the set goals. More significantly, it is imperative to establish on how the investment are being undertaken thus, it is important to develop the strategic controls and eventuality plans that will be used in implementation of the companys decision (Barney, 2007). Objectives 1. To ensure employees involvement in the successful implementation of the company plans. 2. To make sure that the companys brand maintains a strong image and market position. 3. To everywheresee the expansion of the companys investment within United States of America (USA) and around markets in the world. Wolff Urban Development, LLC, is guided by the strategic and contingency plans that are clearly set to meet the investment projects. The companys manage ment outlines their objectives that are focused on utilizing the investment opportunities in making it successful in the industry. Wolff Urban Development LLC, is involved in a clearly set devising strategy focused on achievement of its objectives and goals that are set before carrying out the plan. Functional Tactics Wolff Urban Development LLC, uses it reliable network established everyplace the years of existence to achieve its investments decision. It remains essential for the companys employee to internalize and be to a greater extent conscious towards the organizations investment decisions. More significantly, the company invests a large amount of funds in projects that require human resource personnel of the company to utilize the resource allocated in install to ensure that the company attains the highest possible return for the organization as the focus on achieving objectives that the management sets. In addition, Wolff Urban Development LLC, employees are putting the c ompany in a competitive position by setting investment projects that are beneficial to the company. In addition, the experience companys employees have acquired over the period makes it easier for them to understand the needs of the company (Wolff Urban Development LLC, n.d). More significantly, the employees of the organization develop newly policies by bring new ideas and opportunity that are benefici

Crisis Awareness and Organizational Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crisis Awareness and organisational Audit - Essay ExampleThe companies however must be aware of the underlying danger out-of-pocket to competition from other companies, especially the international ones. The companies reduced reputation may to a fault mean neediness of market and sales. The company must take caution on the arising effects of mortgage closers and move out front to repair the damage by restoring trust among the clients.The companies need good and aggressive leadership to be fitted to forecast on what to do the arising crisis. Enough time and cash is also needed to be adapted to remunerate its workers well, plan and carry out research on available methods of dealing with every crisis. The companies also need creditors to be able to supply enough cash to sustain it during the crisis e.g. low sales. Legal and blood advisers are also necessary to help the company come up with viable changes that are proper and reverting the crisis.(See http//www.nationmultimedia.com /worldhotnews/read.phpnewsid=3008276

TOPIC C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TOPIC C - Essay ExampleI can imagine how crucial it would be to develop analytical skills and match creative faculties of mind for every engineer who is bound to pursue a career in the application where it takes pure heart and determination to exercise potentials toward achieving optimum results.Besides scholastic endeavour, I could foresee oftentimes fruitfulness in active participation through extra-curricular activities by which to become disposed to communicating with variant kinds of people with diverse educational orientation and cultural background. This would enable socialization that is vital to my growth as an engineering student in need of learning via individual effort and that derived from dynamic human relation, in equal measures. Engaging in organizations that facilitate such activities may direct me to satisfy professional aims in the light of understanding the world better and know thereafter what I can do at best to serve it as I discover rich source of ideas an d values to obtain and have by means of constant interaction with others, in and out of the

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty Research Paper

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty - Research Paper casefulToday, skinny to 58 countries around the world actively employ the penalisation against those who commit capital offenses. Although close to 96 countries have abolished the use of death penalties against mans, several others still have it still entrenched at bottom their judicial systems without practicing it for at least the last ten years owing to its controversial nature.The death penalty has drawn great and uncommon controversy throughout the world with unalike groups and members of society taking different stands concerning the subject. In fact, the subject of death penalty is a matter of active debate even among states, nations and territories. With debate to the subject, people often take differing stands even though they may share similar political, religious and pagan ideologies. This paper discusses the subject of death penalty and will mainly focus on the pros and cons of employing the mode of penalty acco rding to different viewers and commentators.The death penalty is the pre-meditated and planned process of killing a human being in reaction to an offence committed by the person (Banner, 2002).. Also known as capital punishment, the act is normally done by a government against a person who has licitly been convicted through a legal or judicial process.There are several methods that have been employed in executing capital punishments against people accused of committing capital offenses as noted by toughie (2002). Historically, the death sentence was carried out mostly in the most painful of ways. In many antediluvian patriarch societies, convicts were often stoned to death while in other societies the convicts manoeuvers were severed using different means. For grammatical case in ancient Russia, executioners used swords to chop of the heads of those who were condemned to die while in France, the victims head was cut off using a guillotine.Ferocious or venomous animals were also used in some societies to cause the deaths of those who

The importance of proper nutrition for promoting wound healing in Literature review

The wideness of graceful provisions for promoting appal ameliorate in elderly - Literature review ExampleThe overall health condition of the patient influences the result of healing from the damaged tissue. Older wound care patients call for supererogatory care and constant that addresses the issues that speed up the wound treatment. Several wound care analysts support a holistic means for treating elderly wound patients that regards simultaneous bodily and mental aspects such as dietary position and illness status like diabetes and cancer. The following paper will look into the various methodologies, analyses, gaps, information and theories used and developed by these analyses towards wound haling in the elderly. II. Current Literature According to Timmes, wound healing needs an increase in the energy consumption of the patient because of a rise in metabolic demand. Nutrition plays a major role in the wound healing procedure, as various nutrients meet precise functions co nnected to wound healing. Sufficient nutrition is also infallible to sustain healthy peel impartiality and elderly patients regularly go by means of delayed wound healing because of such nutrition deficiencies. Timmes also states that successful management of malnourished patients with wounds relies on precise untimely diagnosis and therapy. Heyman, Van De Looverbosch, Meier and Schols view that a high-protein ONS supplemented with arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc when utilized with average and pressure ulcer care, particularly decreased the measuring stick pressure ulcer area of permanent nursing home civilians. Major themes assessed by Sherman and Barkly include the importance of nutritional evaluation at the specific nutrients, their roles in wound healing, and the potential of wound therapy among the elderly. Other analysts with a similar viewpoint are Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, who have laid out fundamentals to wound healing through a series of steps. The steps i nclude measuring stick 1 Identify the cause This step involves the sweetening of a well organized would plan by realizing the cause of the wound. Such acquaintance provides a average for the healing procedure and prognosis. Step 2 Maintenance of good nutrition The authors of the journal do non sturdily point out the significance of proper nutrition in the sustenance of skin integrity and wound healing. Nevertheless, patients have proven through research results that the end-phase dementia or the fatal disease cannot rile enough healing through ample nutrition. Step 3 Manage infection Sufficient wound healing needs a surrounding that is free of any kind of infections all skin the eubstance is colonized, making bacteria and other inflectional organisms susceptible to causing infections to the body through the wound Step 4 Recommendations for wound therapy According to Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, discussions with the nursing staff and other healthcare givers are regularly neede d for the establishment of concluding recommendations for wound treatment. On a similar note, Sherman and Barkly believe that various nutrients play major roles in wound healing. They have analyzed each nutrient using the following order and knowledge on wound treatment Proteins The elderly normally face protein depletion, resulting in the reduction of the rate and shade of wound healing. Therefore, proteins are needed for healing since they are part of a seditious procedure, and in tolerant receptiveness, the development of granulation tissue become simpler and rapid. Carbohydrates As part of the healing proce

Human Resource Management in Mercedes-Benz USA Research Paper

gentlemans gentleman Resource Management in Mercedes-Benz USA - Research Paper ExampleThe company also provides valuable services as hearty as depicts professionalism along with fulfilling the needs of the customers. Mercedes-Benz is considered as one of the top companies for the rough-and-ready management of human resources. There atomic number 18 varied functions which be performed by the HRM of the company. The HRM is entitled with the tasks of ensuring the number of employees or staffs required for the effective exercise towards the attainment of the goals of the company. The HRM ensures that the employees who are recruited are provided with proper training facilities for their enhanced performance. The activities are to be performed in accordance with the objectives. The HR department had sorted out the issues for better performance of the employees as well as managing the workforces. The HR department follows personnel as well as management practices as per the regulatio ns and standards of the company. The HRM of the company plays an authorised part for retaining the brand image with regards to the quality as well as rubber along with technological advancement. The HR department recruited outstanding workers for the effective performance of the company towards the attainment of the goals. Therefore, HRM is an important element for leading the company to be considered as one of the top and preferred companies. Mercedes-Benz possesses skilled employees which enable to maintain the competitiveness as along with producing innovative and superior products or services (Daimler AG, 2012). The HRM of the company engender to formulate plans for developing competitiveness. The company is competitive with regards to the strategies which will help in having enhanced cost leadership as well as...This paper will discuss the factors had helped the company in maintaining its motive of proving quality as well as differentiated products. Mercedes-Benz US is a co rporation entitled with the task of distributing as well as marketing of vehicles. In accordance with the Fortune Magazine the company is ranked in the one-twelfth position among the 100 best companies to work for in America. One of the important reasons for acquiring much(prenominal) position by the company is its HRM. The HRM has taken initiatives for providing the employees an environment which will enhance the performance of the employees. There are five dimensions which are credibility, respect, fairness, pride as well as camaraderie that play significant roles for find the performance of the company. The employees are appropriately trained as well as organized for streamlined performance and to attain the goals or objective of the company. The HRM is required to formulate plans and policies which will encourage the employees to perform their tasks in an efficient manner. The HR policies of the company should include all these five dimensions for enhanced performance towards the goal.

The elephant and the blind man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The elephant and the blind man - Essay good exampleone might reasonably expect them to approach the topic in much the same carriage however, as was the case with the blind men and the elephant, this is not the case.Whereas policy take shapers approach the elephant (health carefulness) within the perspective of attempting to farm policy decisions which will provide a greater benefit to the highest number of shareholders, the stinting costs of or so of these policies are often not considered. In this way, the economic policy makers have a firm embrace and understanding concerning the elephants tail however, they lack a complete grasp of the entire animal as a function of what parts they are not realizing exist. In this way, those that focus too intensively on a specific aspect of the issue will oft miss the overall broader application.Similarly, those specialists that approach the elephant (health care) from the economic standpoint are trying to find the most viable ways to prov ide the level of care that is needed while still doing so under an economically viable and reasonably fiscal model. This is oftentimes an impossibly difficult process due to the fact that treatment options are almost never good determined to be perfectly economic as well as exhibiting a high level of care for the patient in question. In this way, the health economic analyst will likely be examining the micro application of the policies put in place by the economic policy makers (macro approach).The problem lies in the fact that one particular approach is examining the wall of health care policy and trying to make sense out of it whereas the other economic approach is dealing with explaining how the tail must function with birth to the larger entity. In this way, understanding both approaches is necessary for creating a more efficient and better healthcare policy however, appreciating the fact that both the wall and the tail have their own unique functions is vital towards gaining a more complete understanding of

Burngreave messenger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Burngreave messenger - Essay ExampleThis sens basically be realised through a number of sociable media platforms which are popular with umteen citizenry. The print version of the Burngreave Messenger essentially serves a limited geographical area. However, through the use of the social media, this can greatly be increased through the following ways. Twitter Headlines Feeds The newspaper should create a headline handle for its brand in this popular social platform just like other popular dailies such as The Sun and Telegraph have done. It is imperative to realise that some of the nearly lucky world dailies have a huge following in the social media and such a presence largely accounts for their success. The newspaper can then establish various sections like Arts, Entertainment and Books on their Twitter handle. These sub-channels are normally very popular with the public and will therefore provide right(a) interaction with the advertisers. In the same way, the Burngreave Messeng er can seek to create a series of online events in order to increase its readership online. This can greatly be enhanced if the events are carefully selected from those popular with the public. ... of the content should be conducted on the big social networks which allow the contents to be easily discovered by jillions of people across the world. One important aspect in social media journalism is the need to greatly engage the users by giving commentary and reacting to the comments of the users effectively. It helps to keep the online community much engaged and hence successful to the newspaper. In the same way, it is important for the homepage to easily indicate the link to the social media so that it becomes easy to find. from each one page in the newspapers website should have the link to the social media sites so that it becomes easy for the people to follow. Many successful world dailies have integrated social media reading capabilities in their websites. For instance, the W ashington convey is one such newspaper that a Social Reader which presently has over a million users. Considering that most newspapers are presently resorting to the use of social media, the survival of the traditional newspapers does not only number on their participation in this community. On the other hand, smaller community papers such as the Shrewsbury Chronicle are also venturing into the social media as a ways of boosting their performance. Rather, it is about the strategies that are pitch into place in ensuring that the social media works to the benefit of the newspaper. In this regard, Burngreave Messenger can utilise the surmount strategies in the social media to ensure its growth. Considering the great amount of real-time news reporting that takes place on Facebook and Twitter, there is much opportunity for Burngreave Messenger to utilise the content usually created in relation to this. This would slay the content of the newspapers feel more real-time in addition to providing many

Psychological makeup of a terrorist Essay Example for Free

Psychological makeup of a terrorist EssayThe attack brought with it a number of repercussions. For instance, immediately after the attack, the nations economy went into a sudden plunge. This is because the stock exchange for the day was canceled by not only the NYSE but to a fault NASDAQ (Morgan, 2009). Although the attack was meant to affect the US economy, it also affected nations much(prenominal) as such as those in Britain. For instance, after the attack, London Stock Exchange was also forced to close due to fear of convertible attacks. The economic drop brought with it a number of consequences. For instance, in that location was a hike in the price of commodities such as gold as well as fuel and gas. Apart from the rise of commodity prices, the US also suffered a drop on its currency, which was quite devastating (Roberts, 2011). Similarly, after the incident, hundreds of flights were grounded not only in the US but globally, hence, this resulted to more financial losses for the nation.Psychological makeup of a terrorist According to Kershaw (2010), terrorists ordinarily decide to practise such atrocities due to a number of factors that are normally exposed to them the indorsement they make up their minds to join terrorist organizations. First, terrorists are usually made to believe that they are in agreement with religion when they commit atrocities such as mass killings and suicide bombings. Additionally, terrorists also believe that when they become martyrs if they decease with many people since to them it is honorable to die fighting infidels (Kershaw, 2010). It is because of such beliefs that drives most of the terrorists into committing killings as the ones witnessed in the US.What typesetters case of people become terrorists? Terrorism is quite dynamic this is because there is usually no specific age, preparation level as well as religion that one needs to be so that he can qualify to become a terrorist (Hewitt, 2003). Accord ing to studies, it is because of the dynamic nature of terrorism that it is quite trying to know exactly in what manner the terrorists will attack. The fact that terrorists can board a skip and take control of it is enough proof that most of them are well educated. This is because it is not possible for an uninformed person to operate a plane. According to studies, not all terrorists are of Islamic religion this is because there are others who join terrorist organizations for quick fame (Hewitt, 2003).Conclusion Although terrorism has been around for a long time, the 9/11 attack on the US was the day that the world realized the extent that terrorism had evolved. This is because unlike in the past, terrorists of the current generation are so daring to the extent that they can go ahead and commit suicide just to get their opinion heard. One of the reasons why terrorists decide to commit such atrocities is because of their sacred beliefs. According to terrorists beliefs, one b ecomes a martyr if he dies fighting infidels.ReferencesBergen, P. (2006). What Were the Causes of 9/11? Prospect Magazine. Retrieved on 10 folk 2014 from http//www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/whatwerethecausesof911Hewitt, C. (2003). Understanding Terrorism in America From the Klan to Al Qaeda. United Kingdom psychological science PressHoffman, B. (2013). Inside terrorism. New York Columbia University Press.JREF. (2011). What Motivated the 9/11 Hijackers? Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http//forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=238563Kershaw, S. (2010). The Terrorist Mind An Update. The New York Times. Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/weekinreview/10kershaw.html?pagewanted=all_r=0Malisow, B., French, J. L. (2008). Terrorism. New York, NY Chelsea House.Morgan, M. J.(2009). The preserve of 9/11 on business and economics The business of terror. New York Palgrave Macmillan.Roberts, B.W. (2011). Macroeconomic Impacts of the 9/11 Attack Evidence from Real-Time Forecasting. Collingdale DIANE PublishingSchmemann, S. (2010). Hijacked Jets Destroy Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon. The New York Times. Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http//www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0911.htmlSource document

Fashion Industry Essay Example for Free

air Industry Essay primal Western travelers, whether to Persia, Turkey, India, or China, would frequently remark on the absence of neuter in agency in that respect. The Nipp championse Shoguns secretary bragged (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese garments had not changed in over a thousand years.4 However, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing paths in Chinese garments.5 Changes in costume practic ally took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long hitch with step up major changes. In 8th- coke Moorish Spain the musician Ziryab introduced to Crdoba6unreliable source?7 sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal worker and daily molds from his native Baghdad, modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in port occurred in the el planeth deoxycytidine monophosphate in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.8 The fount in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles deal be fairly reliably dated.Historians, including James Laver and Fernand Braudel, date the suck up of Western room in clothing to the middle of the 14th century.910 The most dramatic early change in modality was a jerky drastic shortening and tightening of the potent over-garment from calf-length to b atomic physique 18ly covering the furthertocks,11 some(prenominal)times accompanied with stuffing in the chest to run it look bigger. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top timid over leggings or trousers. The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and mens appearance, especially in the fertilisation and decorateing of the hair, became equally complex. Art historians argon therefore able to use path with confidence and precision to date images, oftentimes to in spite of appearance five years, particularly inthe case of images from the 15th century.Initially, changes in fake led to a fragmentation across the upper classes of Europe of what had previously been a very convertible style of dressing and the subsequent development of distinctive national styles. These national styles remained very contrary until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, mostly originating from Ancien Rgime France.12 Though the spicy usually led fashion, the increasing affluence of early modernistic Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance, merely still uncomfortably close for the elites a factor that Fernand Braudel regards as maven of the main motors of changing fashion.13Albrecht Drers drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her copy from Venice. The Venetian ladys high chopines make her look taller. In the 16th century national dif ferences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen whitethorn show ten only if different hats. Albrecht Drer illustrated the differences in his actual (or composite) contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right).The Spanish style of the late 16th century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and later a struggle in the mid-17th century, French styles decisively took over drawing cardship, a act upon completed in the 18th century.14 Though textile colors and patterns changed from year to year,15 the cut of a gentlemans coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a ladys dress was cut, changed more slowly. Mens fashions were largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male Silhouette were galvanized in theaters of European war where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles such as the Stei nkirk cravat or necktie.Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, was a leader of fashion. Her choices, such as this 1783 white muslin dress called a chemise a la Reine, were highly influential and widely worn.16 Though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France since the 16th century and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion in the 1620s, the pace of change picked up in the 1780s with increased publication of French engravings illustrating the in style(p) Paris styles. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing a standardised (or thought they were) local variation became first gear a sign of provincial culture and later a badge of the conservative peasant.17 Although tailors and dressmakers were no distrust responsible for many innovations, and the textile industry authenticly led many trends, the history of fashion physical body is normally at a lower placestood to date from 1858 when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute c outure manse in Paris.The Haute house was the name gear uped by government for the fashion houses that met the standards of industry. These fashion houses postulate to adhere to standards such as keeping at least twenty employees engaged in making the attire, showing two collections per year at fashion shows, and presenting a genuine number of patterns to costumers.18 Since then, the idea of the fashion practiceer as a celebrity in his or her own right has become increasingly dominant.19 The idea of unisex dressing originated in the 1960s when foundingers such as Pierre Cardin and Rudi Gernreich created garments, such as stretch jersey tunics or leggings, meant to be worn by some(prenominal) males and females. The impact of unisex expands more broadly to encompass mingled themes in fashion including androgyny, mass- commercialise retail, and conceptual clothing.20 The fashion trends of the 1970s, such as sheepskin jackets, flight jackets, duffel coats, and unstructured clo thing determined men to attend social gatherings without a tuxedo jacket and to accessorize in new dashs. just about mens styles blended the sensuality and expressiveness despite the conservative trend, the growing gay-rights movement and an emphasis on youth allowed for a new freedom to experiment with style, models such as wool crepe, which had previously been associated with womens attire was used by throwers when creating male clothing.21 The four major current fashion capitals argon ack instanterledged to be Paris, Milan, New York City, and London, which are all headquarters to the greatest fashion companies and are re nowadaysned for their major influence on spheric fashion. work weeks are held in these cities, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. A succession of major designers such as Coco Chanel and Yves Saint-Laurent have kept Paris as the center most watched by the appease of the origination, although haute couture is now subsidized by the sale of ready-to-wear collections and perfume using the same gulling.Modern Westerners have a wide number of choices available inthe selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear potful reflect his or her personality or interests. When people who have high cultural status start to wear new or different clothes, a fashion trend may start. People who like or respect these people become influenced by their personal style and begin wearing withal styled clothes. moulds may vary considerably within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation, and geography and may also vary over time. If an older person dresses according to the fashion young people use, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people.The harm fashionista and fashion victim refer to someone who slavishly follows current fashions. One can regard the trunk of sporting conglomerate fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.) In recent years, Asian fashion has become increasingly significant in local and global markets. Countries such as China, Japan, India, and Pakistan have tralatitiously had large textile industries, which have often been drawn upon by Western designers, but now Asian clothing styles are also gaining influence based on their own ideas.22 appearance industryThe fashion industry is a product of the modern age.23 Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home per pulpance or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th centurywith the rise of new technologies such as the stitching machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as division storesclothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and at fixed prices. A lthough the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, as of 2015update it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide.For example, an American fashion company index source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the unify States for distribution to retail outlets internationally. The fashion industry has long been one of the largest employers in the United States,24 and it remains so in the 21st century.However, U.S. employment declined considerably as production increasingly moved overseas, especially to China.Because data on the fashion industry typically are account for national economies and expressed in terms of the industrys many separate sectors, aggregate figures for world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However, by any measure, the clothing industry accounts for a significant share of world economic output.25 The fashion industry broods of four levels 1. the production of raw materials, principally fibers and textiles but also strap and fur 2. the production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others 3. retail sales4. various forms of advertising and promotionThese levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors. These sectors are Textile Design and Production, Fashion Design and Manufacturing, Fashion Retailing, Marketing and Merchandising, Fashion Shows, and Media and Marketing. Each sector is devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.26MediaThe media plays a significant role when it comes to fashion. For instance, an crucial part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines, and commentary can be found on goggle box and in magazines, newspapers, fashion websites,27 Social netwo rk, and fashion blogs. In recent years, fashion blogging and YouTube videos have become a major outlet for spreading trends and fashion tips. Through these media outlets readers and viewers all over the world can learn about fashion, making it very accessible.28 At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential than in the past. In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly desire later and had a profound effect on public taste in clothing. Talented illustrators force exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty.Perhaps the most illustrious of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton, which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).citation needed Vogue, foundedin the United States in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful o f the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after public War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap color printing in the 1960s, led to a huge boost in its sales and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream womens magazines, followed by mens magazines in the 1990s. One such example of Vogues popularity is the younger version, Teen Vogue, which covers clothing and trends that are targeted more toward the fashionista on a budget. Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting ready-to-wear and perfume lines which are heavily advertised in the magazines and now dwarf their original couture businesses.A recent development within fashion print media is the rise of text-based and detailed magazines which aim to prove that fashion is not superficial, by creating a dialogue between fashion academe and the industry. Examples of this trend are Fashion Theory (1997) and Vestoj (2009). Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashio n features. In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows such as Fashion Television started to appear. FashionTV was the pioneer in this undertaking and has since grown to become the leader in both Fashion Television and new media channels. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including fashion blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the fashion industry.citation neededHowever, over the past several years, fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial report with user-generated content. Online magazines like iFashion Network and Runway Magazine, led by Nole Marin from Americas Next Top Model, have begun to dominate the market with digital copies for computers, iPhones, and iPads. Example platforms include Apple and Android for such applications. A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a c lose, The New Islanders Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers.Because designers go off their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue incessantly and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on pants in January, she writes. Savvyshoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying.29 The fashion industry has been the outcome of numerous films and television shows, including the reality show Project Runway and the drama series Ugly Betty. particularized fashion brands have been featured in film, not only as product placement opportunities, but as bespoke items that have subsequently led to trends in fashion.30Public relations and social mediaFashion public relations involves being in touch with a companys audiences and creating strong relationships with them, arrive at out to media and initiating messages that project positive images of the company.31 Social media plays an important role in modern day fashion public relations enabling practitioners to reach a wide range of consumers through various platforms. make brand awareness and credibility is a key implication of good public relations. In some cases, great hype is built about new designers collections before they are released into the market, repayable to the immense moving picture generated by practitioners.32 Social media, such as blogs, micro blogs, podcasts, photo and video overlap sites have all become increasingly important to fashion public relations.33 The interactive nature of these platforms allows practitioners to engage and communicate with publics in real time, and tailor their clients brand or campaign messages to the target audience.With blogging platforms such as Instagram, Tumblr, Wor dPress and other sharing sites, bloggers have emerged as salutary fashion commentators, shaping brands and having a great impact on what is on trend.34 Women in the fashion public relations industry such as Sweaty Betty PR violate Roxy Jacenko and Oscar de la Rentas PR girl Erika Bearman, have acquired copious adds of followers on their social media sites, by providing a brand individualism and a behind the scenes look into the companies they work for.Social media is changing the way practitioners deliver messages,11 as they are touch on with the media, and also customer relationship building.35 PR practitioners must intend up effective communication among all platforms, in order to engage fashion publics in an industry socially connected via online shopping.36 Consumers have the ability to share their purchases on their personal social media pages (such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.), and if practitioners deliver thebrand message effectively and meet the needs of its publics, word-of-mouth publicity will be generated and potentially depict a wide reach for the designer and their products.Anthropological perspectiveAnthropology, the study of culture and human societies, studies fashion by asking why certain styles are deemed socially appropriate and others are not. A certain way is chosen and that becomes the fashion as defined by a certain people as a whole, so if a particular style has a meaning in an already occurring set of beliefs that style will become fashion.37 According to Ted Polhemus and Lynn Procter, fashion can be described as adornment, of which there are two types fashion and anti-fashion. Through the capitalization and commoditisation of clothing, accessories, and habilitate, etc., what once constituted anti-fashion becomes part of fashion as the lines between fashion and anti-fashion are blurred.38 The definition of fashion and anti-fashion is as follows Anti-fashion is fixed and changes little over time. Anti-fashion is diffe rent depending on the cultural or social group one is associated with or where one lives, but within that group or locality the style changes little. Fashion is the exact opposite of anti-fashion. Fashion changes very speedily and is not affiliated with one group or area of the world but is spread out throughout the world wherever people can communicate easily with each other.For example, Queen Elizabeth IIs 1953 coronation gown is an example of anti-fashion because it is traditional and does not change over any conclusion whereas a gown from fashion designer Diors collection of 1953 is fashion because the style will change every season as Dior comes up with a new gown to replace the old one. In the Dior gown the length, cut, fabric, and embroidery of the gown change from season to season. Anti-fashion is concerned with maintaining the status quo while fashion is concerned with social mobility. Time is expressed in terms of continuity in anti-fashion and as change in fashion. Fash ion has changing modes of adornment while anti-fashion has fixed modes of adornment. Indigenous and peasant modes of adornment are an example of anti-fashion. Change in fashion is part of the larger system and is structured to be a deliberate change in style.39 Today, people in rich countries are linked to people in poor countries through the commoditization and using up of what is called fashion. People work long hours in one area of the globe toproduce things that people in another part of the globe are anxious to consume.An example of this is the chain of production and consumption of Nike shoes, which are produced in Taiwan and then purchased in North America. At the production end there is nation-building a hard working ideology that leads people to produce and entices people to consume with a vast amount of goods for the offering. Commodities are no longer just utilitarian but are fashionable, be they running shoes or sweat suits.40 The change from anti-fashion to fashion bec ause of the influence of western consumer-driven civilization can be seen in eastern Indonesia. The ikat textiles of the Ngada area of eastern Indonesia are changing because of modernization and development. Traditionally, in the Ngada area there was no idea similar to that of the Western idea of fashion, but anti-fashion in the form of traditional textiles and ways to adorn oneself were widely popular. Textiles in Indonesia have played many roles for the local people.Textiles defined a persons rank and status certain textiles indicated being part of the ruling class. People expressed their ethnic identity and social hierarchy through textiles. Because some Indonesians bartered ikat textiles for food, the textiles constituted economic goods, and as some textile design motifs had spiritual religious meanings, textiles were also a way to communicate religious messages.41 In eastern Indonesia, both the production and use of traditional textiles have been transformed as the production, use and value associated with textiles have changed due to modernization. In the past, women produced the textiles either for home consumption or to trade with others. Today this has changed as most textiles are not being produced at home. Western goods are considered modern and are valued more than traditional goods, including the sarong, which retain a lingering association with colonialism.Now, sarongs are used only for rituals and ceremonial occasions, whereas western clothes are worn to church or government offices. Civil servants working in urban areas are more likely than peasants to make the distinction between western and traditional clothes. Following Indonesias emancipation from the Dutch, people increasingly started buying factory made shirts and sarongs. In textile-producing areas the growing of cotton and production of naturally colored thread became obsolete. Traditional motifs on textiles are no longer considered the prop of a certain social class or age group. Wi ves ofgovernment officials are promoting the use of traditional textiles in the form of western garments such as skirts, vests and blouses. This trend is also being followed by the general populace, and whoever can founder to hire a tailor is doing so to stitch traditional ikat textiles into western clothes.Thus, traditional textiles are now fashion goods and are no longer confined to the black, white and brown colour palette but come in array of colours. Traditional textiles are also being used in upcountry decorations and to make handbags, wallets and other accessories, which are considered fashionable by civil servants and their families. There is also a favourable tourist trade in the eastern Indonesian city of Kupang where international as well as domestic tourists are eager to purchase traditionally printed western goods.42 The use of traditional textiles for fashion is worthy big business in eastern Indonesia, but these traditional textiles are losing their ethnic identit y markers and are being used as an item of fashion.43Intellectual propertyStudent modeling at the Fashion marketing event at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City. Within the fashion industry, intellectual property is not enforced as it is within the film industry and music industry. Robert Glariston, an intellectual property expert mentioned in a fashion seminar held in LAwhich? that Copyright law regarding clothing is a current hot-button publishing in the industry. We often have to draw the line between designers being inspired by a design and those outright stealing it in different places.citation needed To take inspiration from others designs contributes to the fashion industrys ability to establish clothing trends. For the past few years, WGSN has been a dominant source of fashion news and forecasts in encourage fashion brands worldwide to be inspired by one another.Enticing consumers to buy clothing by establishing new trends is, some have argued, a key component of the industrys success. Intellectual property rules that interfere with this process of trend-making would, in this view, be counter-productive. On the other hand, it is often argued that the blatant theft of new ideas, unique designs, and design details by larger companies is what often contributes to the failure of many smaller or independent design companies. Since fakes are distinguishable by their poorer quality, there is still a demand for luxurygoods, and as only a trademark or logo can be copyrighted, many fashion brands make this one of the most visible aspects of the garment or accessory.In handbags, especially, the designers brand may be woven into the fabric (or the lining fabric) from which the bag is made, making the brand an intrinsic element of the bag. In 2005, the World Intellectual berth Organization (WIPO) held a conference calling for stricter intellectual property enforcement within the fashion industry to break down protect small an d medium businesses and promote competitiveness within the textile and clothing industries.4445Political activismFashion may be used to promote a cause, such as to promote healthy behavior,46 to posit money for a cancer cure,47 or to raise money for local charities48 such as the recent Protective Association49 or a childrens hospice.50 One up-and-coming fashion cause is trashion, which is using trash to make clothes, jewelery and other fashion items in order to promote awareness of pollution. There are a number of modern trashion artists such as Marina DeBris, Ann Wizer,51 and Nancy Judd.52