Fashion Industry Essay Example for Free

air Industry Essay primal Western travelers, whether to Persia, Turkey, India, or China, would frequently remark on the absence of neuter in agency in that respect. The Nipp championse Shoguns secretary bragged (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese garments had not changed in over a thousand years.4 However, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing paths in Chinese garments.5 Changes in costume practic ally took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long hitch with step up major changes. In 8th- coke Moorish Spain the musician Ziryab introduced to Crdoba6unreliable source?7 sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal worker and daily molds from his native Baghdad, modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in port occurred in the el planeth deoxycytidine monophosphate in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.8 The fount in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles deal be fairly reliably dated.Historians, including James Laver and Fernand Braudel, date the suck up of Western room in clothing to the middle of the 14th century.910 The most dramatic early change in modality was a jerky drastic shortening and tightening of the potent over-garment from calf-length to b atomic physique 18ly covering the furthertocks,11 some(prenominal)times accompanied with stuffing in the chest to run it look bigger. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top timid over leggings or trousers. The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and mens appearance, especially in the fertilisation and decorateing of the hair, became equally complex. Art historians argon therefore able to use path with confidence and precision to date images, oftentimes to in spite of appearance five years, particularly inthe case of images from the 15th century.Initially, changes in fake led to a fragmentation across the upper classes of Europe of what had previously been a very convertible style of dressing and the subsequent development of distinctive national styles. These national styles remained very contrary until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, mostly originating from Ancien Rgime France.12 Though the spicy usually led fashion, the increasing affluence of early modernistic Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance, merely still uncomfortably close for the elites a factor that Fernand Braudel regards as maven of the main motors of changing fashion.13Albrecht Drers drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her copy from Venice. The Venetian ladys high chopines make her look taller. In the 16th century national dif ferences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen whitethorn show ten only if different hats. Albrecht Drer illustrated the differences in his actual (or composite) contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right).The Spanish style of the late 16th century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and later a struggle in the mid-17th century, French styles decisively took over drawing cardship, a act upon completed in the 18th century.14 Though textile colors and patterns changed from year to year,15 the cut of a gentlemans coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a ladys dress was cut, changed more slowly. Mens fashions were largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male Silhouette were galvanized in theaters of European war where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles such as the Stei nkirk cravat or necktie.Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, was a leader of fashion. Her choices, such as this 1783 white muslin dress called a chemise a la Reine, were highly influential and widely worn.16 Though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France since the 16th century and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion in the 1620s, the pace of change picked up in the 1780s with increased publication of French engravings illustrating the in style(p) Paris styles. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing a standardised (or thought they were) local variation became first gear a sign of provincial culture and later a badge of the conservative peasant.17 Although tailors and dressmakers were no distrust responsible for many innovations, and the textile industry authenticly led many trends, the history of fashion physical body is normally at a lower placestood to date from 1858 when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute c outure manse in Paris.The Haute house was the name gear uped by government for the fashion houses that met the standards of industry. These fashion houses postulate to adhere to standards such as keeping at least twenty employees engaged in making the attire, showing two collections per year at fashion shows, and presenting a genuine number of patterns to costumers.18 Since then, the idea of the fashion practiceer as a celebrity in his or her own right has become increasingly dominant.19 The idea of unisex dressing originated in the 1960s when foundingers such as Pierre Cardin and Rudi Gernreich created garments, such as stretch jersey tunics or leggings, meant to be worn by some(prenominal) males and females. The impact of unisex expands more broadly to encompass mingled themes in fashion including androgyny, mass- commercialise retail, and conceptual clothing.20 The fashion trends of the 1970s, such as sheepskin jackets, flight jackets, duffel coats, and unstructured clo thing determined men to attend social gatherings without a tuxedo jacket and to accessorize in new dashs. just about mens styles blended the sensuality and expressiveness despite the conservative trend, the growing gay-rights movement and an emphasis on youth allowed for a new freedom to experiment with style, models such as wool crepe, which had previously been associated with womens attire was used by throwers when creating male clothing.21 The four major current fashion capitals argon ack instanterledged to be Paris, Milan, New York City, and London, which are all headquarters to the greatest fashion companies and are re nowadaysned for their major influence on spheric fashion. work weeks are held in these cities, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. A succession of major designers such as Coco Chanel and Yves Saint-Laurent have kept Paris as the center most watched by the appease of the origination, although haute couture is now subsidized by the sale of ready-to-wear collections and perfume using the same gulling.Modern Westerners have a wide number of choices available inthe selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear potful reflect his or her personality or interests. When people who have high cultural status start to wear new or different clothes, a fashion trend may start. People who like or respect these people become influenced by their personal style and begin wearing withal styled clothes. moulds may vary considerably within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation, and geography and may also vary over time. If an older person dresses according to the fashion young people use, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people.The harm fashionista and fashion victim refer to someone who slavishly follows current fashions. One can regard the trunk of sporting conglomerate fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.) In recent years, Asian fashion has become increasingly significant in local and global markets. Countries such as China, Japan, India, and Pakistan have tralatitiously had large textile industries, which have often been drawn upon by Western designers, but now Asian clothing styles are also gaining influence based on their own ideas.22 appearance industryThe fashion industry is a product of the modern age.23 Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home per pulpance or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th centurywith the rise of new technologies such as the stitching machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as division storesclothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and at fixed prices. A lthough the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, as of 2015update it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide.For example, an American fashion company index source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the unify States for distribution to retail outlets internationally. The fashion industry has long been one of the largest employers in the United States,24 and it remains so in the 21st century.However, U.S. employment declined considerably as production increasingly moved overseas, especially to China.Because data on the fashion industry typically are account for national economies and expressed in terms of the industrys many separate sectors, aggregate figures for world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However, by any measure, the clothing industry accounts for a significant share of world economic output.25 The fashion industry broods of four levels 1. the production of raw materials, principally fibers and textiles but also strap and fur 2. the production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others 3. retail sales4. various forms of advertising and promotionThese levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors. These sectors are Textile Design and Production, Fashion Design and Manufacturing, Fashion Retailing, Marketing and Merchandising, Fashion Shows, and Media and Marketing. Each sector is devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.26MediaThe media plays a significant role when it comes to fashion. For instance, an crucial part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines, and commentary can be found on goggle box and in magazines, newspapers, fashion websites,27 Social netwo rk, and fashion blogs. In recent years, fashion blogging and YouTube videos have become a major outlet for spreading trends and fashion tips. Through these media outlets readers and viewers all over the world can learn about fashion, making it very accessible.28 At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential than in the past. In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly desire later and had a profound effect on public taste in clothing. Talented illustrators force exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty.Perhaps the most illustrious of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton, which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).citation needed Vogue, foundedin the United States in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful o f the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after public War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap color printing in the 1960s, led to a huge boost in its sales and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream womens magazines, followed by mens magazines in the 1990s. One such example of Vogues popularity is the younger version, Teen Vogue, which covers clothing and trends that are targeted more toward the fashionista on a budget. Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting ready-to-wear and perfume lines which are heavily advertised in the magazines and now dwarf their original couture businesses.A recent development within fashion print media is the rise of text-based and detailed magazines which aim to prove that fashion is not superficial, by creating a dialogue between fashion academe and the industry. Examples of this trend are Fashion Theory (1997) and Vestoj (2009). Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashio n features. In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows such as Fashion Television started to appear. FashionTV was the pioneer in this undertaking and has since grown to become the leader in both Fashion Television and new media channels. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including fashion blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the fashion industry.citation neededHowever, over the past several years, fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial report with user-generated content. Online magazines like iFashion Network and Runway Magazine, led by Nole Marin from Americas Next Top Model, have begun to dominate the market with digital copies for computers, iPhones, and iPads. Example platforms include Apple and Android for such applications. A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a c lose, The New Islanders Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers.Because designers go off their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue incessantly and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on pants in January, she writes. Savvyshoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying.29 The fashion industry has been the outcome of numerous films and television shows, including the reality show Project Runway and the drama series Ugly Betty. particularized fashion brands have been featured in film, not only as product placement opportunities, but as bespoke items that have subsequently led to trends in fashion.30Public relations and social mediaFashion public relations involves being in touch with a companys audiences and creating strong relationships with them, arrive at out to media and initiating messages that project positive images of the company.31 Social media plays an important role in modern day fashion public relations enabling practitioners to reach a wide range of consumers through various platforms. make brand awareness and credibility is a key implication of good public relations. In some cases, great hype is built about new designers collections before they are released into the market, repayable to the immense moving picture generated by practitioners.32 Social media, such as blogs, micro blogs, podcasts, photo and video overlap sites have all become increasingly important to fashion public relations.33 The interactive nature of these platforms allows practitioners to engage and communicate with publics in real time, and tailor their clients brand or campaign messages to the target audience.With blogging platforms such as Instagram, Tumblr, Wor dPress and other sharing sites, bloggers have emerged as salutary fashion commentators, shaping brands and having a great impact on what is on trend.34 Women in the fashion public relations industry such as Sweaty Betty PR violate Roxy Jacenko and Oscar de la Rentas PR girl Erika Bearman, have acquired copious adds of followers on their social media sites, by providing a brand individualism and a behind the scenes look into the companies they work for.Social media is changing the way practitioners deliver messages,11 as they are touch on with the media, and also customer relationship building.35 PR practitioners must intend up effective communication among all platforms, in order to engage fashion publics in an industry socially connected via online shopping.36 Consumers have the ability to share their purchases on their personal social media pages (such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.), and if practitioners deliver thebrand message effectively and meet the needs of its publics, word-of-mouth publicity will be generated and potentially depict a wide reach for the designer and their products.Anthropological perspectiveAnthropology, the study of culture and human societies, studies fashion by asking why certain styles are deemed socially appropriate and others are not. A certain way is chosen and that becomes the fashion as defined by a certain people as a whole, so if a particular style has a meaning in an already occurring set of beliefs that style will become fashion.37 According to Ted Polhemus and Lynn Procter, fashion can be described as adornment, of which there are two types fashion and anti-fashion. Through the capitalization and commoditisation of clothing, accessories, and habilitate, etc., what once constituted anti-fashion becomes part of fashion as the lines between fashion and anti-fashion are blurred.38 The definition of fashion and anti-fashion is as follows Anti-fashion is fixed and changes little over time. Anti-fashion is diffe rent depending on the cultural or social group one is associated with or where one lives, but within that group or locality the style changes little. Fashion is the exact opposite of anti-fashion. Fashion changes very speedily and is not affiliated with one group or area of the world but is spread out throughout the world wherever people can communicate easily with each other.For example, Queen Elizabeth IIs 1953 coronation gown is an example of anti-fashion because it is traditional and does not change over any conclusion whereas a gown from fashion designer Diors collection of 1953 is fashion because the style will change every season as Dior comes up with a new gown to replace the old one. In the Dior gown the length, cut, fabric, and embroidery of the gown change from season to season. Anti-fashion is concerned with maintaining the status quo while fashion is concerned with social mobility. Time is expressed in terms of continuity in anti-fashion and as change in fashion. Fash ion has changing modes of adornment while anti-fashion has fixed modes of adornment. Indigenous and peasant modes of adornment are an example of anti-fashion. Change in fashion is part of the larger system and is structured to be a deliberate change in style.39 Today, people in rich countries are linked to people in poor countries through the commoditization and using up of what is called fashion. People work long hours in one area of the globe toproduce things that people in another part of the globe are anxious to consume.An example of this is the chain of production and consumption of Nike shoes, which are produced in Taiwan and then purchased in North America. At the production end there is nation-building a hard working ideology that leads people to produce and entices people to consume with a vast amount of goods for the offering. Commodities are no longer just utilitarian but are fashionable, be they running shoes or sweat suits.40 The change from anti-fashion to fashion bec ause of the influence of western consumer-driven civilization can be seen in eastern Indonesia. The ikat textiles of the Ngada area of eastern Indonesia are changing because of modernization and development. Traditionally, in the Ngada area there was no idea similar to that of the Western idea of fashion, but anti-fashion in the form of traditional textiles and ways to adorn oneself were widely popular. Textiles in Indonesia have played many roles for the local people.Textiles defined a persons rank and status certain textiles indicated being part of the ruling class. People expressed their ethnic identity and social hierarchy through textiles. Because some Indonesians bartered ikat textiles for food, the textiles constituted economic goods, and as some textile design motifs had spiritual religious meanings, textiles were also a way to communicate religious messages.41 In eastern Indonesia, both the production and use of traditional textiles have been transformed as the production, use and value associated with textiles have changed due to modernization. In the past, women produced the textiles either for home consumption or to trade with others. Today this has changed as most textiles are not being produced at home. Western goods are considered modern and are valued more than traditional goods, including the sarong, which retain a lingering association with colonialism.Now, sarongs are used only for rituals and ceremonial occasions, whereas western clothes are worn to church or government offices. Civil servants working in urban areas are more likely than peasants to make the distinction between western and traditional clothes. Following Indonesias emancipation from the Dutch, people increasingly started buying factory made shirts and sarongs. In textile-producing areas the growing of cotton and production of naturally colored thread became obsolete. Traditional motifs on textiles are no longer considered the prop of a certain social class or age group. Wi ves ofgovernment officials are promoting the use of traditional textiles in the form of western garments such as skirts, vests and blouses. This trend is also being followed by the general populace, and whoever can founder to hire a tailor is doing so to stitch traditional ikat textiles into western clothes.Thus, traditional textiles are now fashion goods and are no longer confined to the black, white and brown colour palette but come in array of colours. Traditional textiles are also being used in upcountry decorations and to make handbags, wallets and other accessories, which are considered fashionable by civil servants and their families. There is also a favourable tourist trade in the eastern Indonesian city of Kupang where international as well as domestic tourists are eager to purchase traditionally printed western goods.42 The use of traditional textiles for fashion is worthy big business in eastern Indonesia, but these traditional textiles are losing their ethnic identit y markers and are being used as an item of fashion.43Intellectual propertyStudent modeling at the Fashion marketing event at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City. Within the fashion industry, intellectual property is not enforced as it is within the film industry and music industry. Robert Glariston, an intellectual property expert mentioned in a fashion seminar held in LAwhich? that Copyright law regarding clothing is a current hot-button publishing in the industry. We often have to draw the line between designers being inspired by a design and those outright stealing it in different places.citation needed To take inspiration from others designs contributes to the fashion industrys ability to establish clothing trends. For the past few years, WGSN has been a dominant source of fashion news and forecasts in encourage fashion brands worldwide to be inspired by one another.Enticing consumers to buy clothing by establishing new trends is, some have argued, a key component of the industrys success. Intellectual property rules that interfere with this process of trend-making would, in this view, be counter-productive. On the other hand, it is often argued that the blatant theft of new ideas, unique designs, and design details by larger companies is what often contributes to the failure of many smaller or independent design companies. Since fakes are distinguishable by their poorer quality, there is still a demand for luxurygoods, and as only a trademark or logo can be copyrighted, many fashion brands make this one of the most visible aspects of the garment or accessory.In handbags, especially, the designers brand may be woven into the fabric (or the lining fabric) from which the bag is made, making the brand an intrinsic element of the bag. In 2005, the World Intellectual berth Organization (WIPO) held a conference calling for stricter intellectual property enforcement within the fashion industry to break down protect small an d medium businesses and promote competitiveness within the textile and clothing industries.4445Political activismFashion may be used to promote a cause, such as to promote healthy behavior,46 to posit money for a cancer cure,47 or to raise money for local charities48 such as the recent Protective Association49 or a childrens hospice.50 One up-and-coming fashion cause is trashion, which is using trash to make clothes, jewelery and other fashion items in order to promote awareness of pollution. There are a number of modern trashion artists such as Marina DeBris, Ann Wizer,51 and Nancy Judd.52