Personality Development Essay

-Psychology-scientific study of humans and animal behavior and human mental processes. -Logos-logic Ancient greek philosophers. Introduce logos. Explain natural world. -Natural Philosophers-naturalistic/physicalistic explanations. Mythos floor or legend. -Empiricism-knowledge establish on observable events. Instantly applied to understanding of natural world. -Personality Psychology-scientific study of unique, lineament patterns of thinking. Feeling, acting(cognition, emotion, behavior) Various TheoriesDifferent focus will produce different conclusions.Hebrew Tradition (mythos) two canonic impulses that are identified. 1. yetzer ra selfish impulse. Drive towards survival. 2. Yetzer Tov Selfish/altruist impulse. Moral. Christian Tradition (mythos) Original sin. staple fiber genius is selfish. Early Greek Tradition (logos) Greek physiciansHippocrates (460-370bc) Human health/behavior-result of bodily fluids/humors. Imbalance of humors produces illness(blood, phlegm, bile). think to fire water wind earth air. Galen (131-200ad) Development of Theory of Impernment ( temperament fonts)4 Types *Sanguine (blood and air) Personalities extraverted, loving. Extreme arrogant, indulgent, freakish** Cholaric (yellow bile, fire) Personality passionate, charismatic, ambitious, energetic. Extreme dominary***Melancholic (Black bile, earth) Personalities thoughtfulness, considerate, creative. Extreme OCD****Phlematic (phlegm, water) Personalities kind, dependable, reliable. Extreme inhibited, reserved. Continues as Trait TheoryMyers Brigg personality type indicatorinvented by Carl Jung E-I extrovert/introvertS-N Sensing/intuativeT-P thinking/feelingJ-P judging/percepting*16-17 Century-Essential Nature Three PhilosophiesThomas Hobbs (original Sin) inherently selfish, egotistically, aggressive. Must be controlled by society Jean Jacque Rousseau (noble savage) inherently good, selfless, altruistic. lessened by society. John Locke (tabla rasa, blank slate) neither inherently good or bad. Shaped by society. *20 CenturyEach philosophy is going to influence a psychology (Personality Theory)Three PsychologiesSigmund Freud (psychodynamic) selfish, pleasure seeking, aggressive (Id). Controlled by internalized neighborly constraints (superego) Carl Rogers (humanistic/ existential) inherently good. Possess potential for positive growth. Basic needs not met. B.F mule driver (behaviorism) neither good/bad. Shaped by experience, environment. Learning Sigmund FreudFirst comprehensive theory or personality dev.Three componentsPersonality structures personality composed of 3 interacting elements.Biologically focused.Id inborn selfish, self serving, aggressive, pleasure serving.Superego division of conscience. Conflicts with Idproduces anxiety.Ego Mediator between Id and Superego. Seeks to satisfy Ids demands in a socially acceptable way. expurgate anxiety. Develops defense mechanisms. * Defense mechanisms Ego and Id. Reduce tension or anxiety between the Id and Superego. Believed repression was the primary defense. sequestrate from conscious awareness deny existence of conflict. Developmental Stages__Anna FreudFocus on ego development. Focus on adaption to social world. Defense mechanisms facilitate social adaptation. Development of Ego Psychology Focused on social relatedness as a motivator vs biological. Responsible for negotiating between individuals needs and outside world. *Success of defense mechanisms based on how well they work meeting needs. Adaptive vs. Maladaptive ** Ego Psychology Basic Propositions 1. nonheritable capacity to function adaptively. Life long process of active adaptation to external envir.2. Ego has independent functions within conflict free zone(interaction between individual and world). Ego mediates between the individual and the social world. __Heinz Hartman Ego Psychology and the problem of Adaptation -Individual adapts to interactions with real world. Autonomous function of egoArise from organic evolution and enhances survival. Process of Adaptation Occurs in two domains 1. Alloplastic Adaptation change and choose environment. 2. Autoplastic Adaptation change self to meet needs. __Erik Erikson Identity and the life cycle.Epigenic Principle development occurs in series of stages. Stages are universal. Stages unfold in pre-determined order. Each stage requires mastering of tasks. Life long process. Have cumulative effect. __Alfred Adler Individual Psychology. be quiet considered psychodynamic. Develops as reaction to freud. Most influential unknown psychologist.Contributions Positive psychology.Emphasis on uniqueness of each person. Social/cognitive influences. *Active construction of self.-Based on four conceptsStriving for significancePrivate logical systemFictional FinalismStyle of life-*-Striving for Significance Perfection. Completeness. Self Actualization. Based on private logic and pretended finalism. Inborn sense of inferiority. Develop compensat ion. Failure to overcome results in inferiority complex (overcompensation). -*-Private Logic accenting creative power of self. Suggest self is not passively determined. actively constructed. Function is served by fancied finalism and life style.-*-Fictional Finalism future oriented. The goal towards which we strive. Exist subjectively. Goal is to satisfy striving for superiority. Individuals pursue goals through discordant behavioral choices. Each person develops unique patterns of behaviors.(style of life) -*-Life Style Attempts to gain goal through various behavioral patterns/choices. Each person express striving different. Based on private logic and fictional finalism. by the piece unique patterns of behaviors/responses.